Atoms & Compounds
What parts make up the nucleus of an atom?
protons and neutrons
What molecules make up water and how many of each type?
2 Hydrogens and 1 Oxygen
What pH value is a neutral pH?
7 is neutral
List the 4 macromolecules.
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Nucleic Acids
4. Proteins
Are the reactants on the left or right side of the equation?
Left side
List the charges of the following parts of the atom: proton, neutron, electron.
Proton: +
Neutron: No Charge
Electron: -
What is more dense: solid or liquid water?
Solid water (ice) cause water expands when it freezes.
What is the pH range for bases?
7.1 - 14
Compare monomers and polymers.
Monomers: small part of macromolecules.
Polymers: large part of macromolecules.
What energy is used to start a reaction?
Activation Energy
What are the three types of bonds?
Ionic, Covalent, Hydrogen
Compare cohesion and adhesion.
Cohesion: an attraction of like molecules.
Adhesion: an attraction of unlike molecules.
What are the ions that make up acids and bases?
Acids: H+
Bases: OH-
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Breaks down sugars (ex. glucose) to supply energy to the cells.
What does a catalyst do?
Speeds up a reaction by lowering the activation energy.
What is the difference between elements and compounds?
Elements: a pure substance that consists of entirely of one type of atoms.
Compounds: a substance formed by chemical combinations of two or more elements.
What is the weakest type of bond?
Hydrogen Bonds
Compare solutes and solvents.
Solutes: substance that is being dissolved.
Solvents: the dissolving medium.
Give examples of two types of nucleic acids.
DNA, RNA, ATP.
What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions?
Endothermic: energy enters the reaction.
Exothermic: energy exits the reaction.
How do you find the number of neutrons?
Neutrons = Mass Number - Number of Protons
What is surface tension?
the tendency of fluid surfaces to shrink into the minimum surface area possible.
Compare homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures.
Homogeneous Mixtures: a mixture that has the same proportions of its contents.
Heterogeneous Mixtures: a mixture where the proportions vary.
What are the 3 parts of nucleic acids?
1. 5-Carbon Sugars.
2. A Phosphate Group.
3. A Nitrogenous Base.
Explain the interaction between substrates and enzymes to make products?
Enzymes provide a site where reactants can be brought together to form a chemical reaction that produces products.