Definition
What is Anatomy and Physiology?
Anatomy- Study of structure
Physiology- Study of function
Define and List the units of the Structural Hierarchy.
Definition- Complexity of the body can be broken down into more simple, Universal components
Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
If you are pulled off of life support are you dead or alive
dead
Give the 4 examples of homeostasis
Blood pressure, glucose, pH, temperature
What is a negative feedback mechanism? causes? results in? Example?
Output of effector shuts off or reduces the intensity of the original effect of the stimulus.
Causes variable to change in the opposite direction
Result- variable hovers around a set point
Example? Body temperature
What is Gross Anatomy and Microscopic Anatomy? (Include examples of each)
Gross Anatomy- study of structures able to be seen with naked eye. Examples: dissection, radiology, observation
Microscopic Anatomy- study of structure you cannot see with naked eye. Examples: histology, cytology
Name 3/7 important roles for organ system.
Any of the following:
Maintain boundaries, movement, metabolism, respond to stimuli, obtain/ digest nutrients, excretion, and reproduction
Define of Brain Death
irreversible cessation of cerebral function
Define dynamic equilibrium and set point
dynamic equilibrium- balanced change??
Set point- average value of variable, numbers fluctuate around it
What is a positive feedback mechanism? causes? results in? Example?
output of effector enhances the original stimulus
cause variable to change in the same direction
results in variable changing further from original
example- labor
What is Reductionism and Holism?
Reductionism- complex systems such as human body can be understood by studying its simpler components
Holism- Studying who organisms or organ systems to understand what is going on. Note: human beings are more than the sum of their parts.
Name the other 4/7 important roles of organ systems
Any of the following:
Maintain boundaries, movement, metabolism, respond to stimuli, obtain/ digest nutrients, excretion, and reproduction
Define Cardiopulmonary death
irreversible cessation of the circulatory and respiratory system
What is pathophysiology
study of unstable systems due to loss of homeostatic control
What is a gradient
difference in matter or energy between two points
What is Catabolism and Anabolism?
Catabolism- break down complex molecules and living organisms to form simpler ones.
Anabolism- use simple molecules to build more complex ones.
Whats the difference in jobs between the two categories: "obtain and digest nutrients" and "metabolism"
Obtain and digest nutrients- eating and processing them
Metabolism- focuses on the distribution of them
Are there any functions if you lose cerebral function? How do you assess cerebral function? When are you declared dead?
may have some basic function
Assessed by EEG (brainwaves)
neurologist review panel must make decision
Define receptors and effectors
Receptors- structure that senses change to the body
Effectors- cell/ organ that carries out the final corrective action
Name the four types of gradience and what is flowing?
Pressure (liquid)
Concentration (chemicals)
Electrical (charged particles)
thermal (heat)
What is Growth and Differentiation? (To get points, name what section of powerpoint this pertains to.)
Growth- growing larger in size
Differentiation- cells become more specialized
Name each system responsible for each role
Maintain boundaries, movement, respond to stimuli, and excretion
Maintain boundaries (Integumentary),movement (musculoskeletal system), respond to stimuli(nervous) , excretion (Digestive) ,
Name the 8 things it takes to be alive
Organization, Cellular composition, homeostasis, metabolism, responsiveness, development, reproduction, evolution
Explain the process of both afferent and efferent pathways
Afferent- A receptor senses a change, sends a message to the control center through afferent pathways so the brain can decide appropriate reaction.
Efferent- brain sends signals along efferent pathways so an effector can correct the imbalance.
What is the difference between moving up and moving down the gradience? When does it require energy
down- going from high to low concentration
up- moving from low to high concentration
up requires energy