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Facts used to support a conclusion or hypothesis.
What is Evidence?
Pertaining to the language of debate or to the interchange of ideas between two people, as opposed to the logic of one man reasoning all by himself.
What is Dialectical Logic?
He recognized the value of logic and said, "Logic is the most useful tool of all the arts."
Who is William of Ockham?
He developed rules to help people determine correct causal relationships.
Who is John Stuart Mill?
He placed a strong emphasis on inductive logic based on empirical observation of the world, rather than reliance on a priori assumptions.
Who is Francis Bacon?
He tried to show that Aristotle's logic and Christianity could be reconciled. He also used Aristotle's logic to argue for the existence of God.
Who is Thomas Aquinas?
A reasoning process through which a person arrives at new information through the implications of other axioms, postulates, or observed examples.
What is Inference?
They liked to study propositions that did not fit Aristotle's system of logic.
Who are the Stoics?
He further improved upon Aristotle's system of logic so that it could be used in discussions about categories of things that don't actually exist, such as unicorns and mermaids.
Who is George Boole?
A deductive formal argument consisting of two premises followed by a conclusion.
What is a syllogism?
The branch of logic where the validity of an argument is based solely on the structure (form) of the argument.
What is Formal Logic?
_____ tends to start with evidence that we can observe and compile. It often works toward generalizations that are reasonably accurate with more or less probability. This means that it does not lend itself to absolute certainty.
What is Inductive Reasoning?
The mental act of putting things into categories.
What is Simple Apprehension?
The branch of logic where the arguments are generally determined to be reasonably accurate with more or less probability.
What is Informal Logic?
A thinking process that occurs when a person expresses a relationship between two terms.
What is Judgment?
Infer the conclusion:
All men are mortal.
Socrates is a man.
What is:
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
Infer the conclusion:
People who want to have whiter teeth use toothpaste A.
I want to have whiter teeth.
What is:
Thus, I will use toothpaste A?
Infer the conclusion:
All people should be compassionate beings.
I am a person.
What is:
Therefore, I should be a compassionate being?
Infer the conclusion:
If I want to improve the world, I should help my neighbor.
I want to improve the world.
What is:
Therefore, I will help my neighbor?
Infer the conclusion:
All beings that think are.
I think.
What is:
Therefore, I am?
Deduce the minor premise:
All flowers need light.
________________
Therefore, roses need light.
What is:
Roses are flowers?
Deduce the minor premise:
All mammals are animals.
____________________
Therefore, all elephants are animals.
What is:
Elephants are mammals?
Deduce the minor premise:
All teachers are cool.
____________________
Therefore, Mr. Laguna is cool.
What is:
Mr. Laguna is a teacher?
Deduce the minor premise:
All video games require skill to play.
____________________
Therefore, Fortnite requires skill to play.
What is:
Fortnite is a video game?
Deduce the minor premise:
All Sith Lords deal in absolutes.
____________________
Therefore, Anakin deals in absolutes.
What is:
Anakin is a Sith Lord?