Descartes
What was the title of Descartes book?
Discourse on Method
The mind is _______, so it is not _______.
The mind is material so it is not free.
What book did Hobbes write?
Leviathian
Deism
What is skepticisim?
The belief in doubt and that nothing can be known for certian.
What two modern doctrines did Descartes ideas encourage?
Rationalism and Skepticism
What two books did Sponoza write?
Theological-Political Treaties. Demonstrated in the Manner of Geometry.
What did he think of the human being?
He saw it as a machine with no immaterial soul or free will.
Isaac Newton's Science and Descate's Philosophy
Libertarians want freedom in what two areas of life?
Thought and Moral Law
What were Decartes two questions that influenced his philosophy?
How can man come to know the truth? How can man know he has come to the truth?
How did Spinoza see the Bible?
Moral teachings
What is the "social contract"?
How does the "new religion" differ from Catholicism?
Universe is a machine, and no miricles
What is Rationalisim?
The thought that human reason alone is the judge of what is true, both in science and religion.
What were Decartes ideas he wrote about in his book?
I must doubt anything and everything I think I know. I escape doubt by realizing that only a thinking can have doubt. If I am a thinking being, I must also exist because if I didn't think I couldn't exist.
What philosophy did Spinoza have?
What is the "state of nature".
Where people knew nothing of morality or justice and were constantly fighting.
Describe the new religion.
God set the universe in motion but is now hands off. God is a spiritual being seperate from the universe he created. Belief in the Holy Trinity is irrational.
What was the Enlightenment?
Voltaire called for rationalist and materialist philosophies that challenged.
What were Decartes's thoughts on God?
God is a perfectly good being. God cannot come from me because I am not a perfectly good being. So the idea of God must have come from himself. Because he is perfectly good, he must exist. But only within the creation, he does not interfere now.
What three claims did Spinoza write about in Theological Political Treatise?
Religion is private, government should have religious tolerance. One only needs to accept moral teachings. Religion has nothing to do with truth.
The servent of the government, who helps keep order.
What are the enviromental factors that are contributing to all of these new philosophies?
New experimental science, that promotes evidence before something is proven. Thought there is not "one true religion".
Who laid out the foundation of democracy?
Rousseau