Carbohydrates
these are the three main groups that carbohydrates can be organized into
what are monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides?
the type of fatty acid that can have double carbon bonds in its tail
what is an unsaturated fatty acid?
this is the monomer of proteins.
what is an amino acid?
This property of water requires that the molecular bonds must be broken to allow free movement in order to raise the temperature of water
what is high specific heat capacity?
the term used toe describe a very large organic molecule (e.g. proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides)
what is a macromolecule?
this form of glucose has a hydroxyl group on carbon atom 1 located below the ring
this type of lipid is made up of a glycerol and three fatty acid tails
what is a triglyceride?
amino acids are bonded by this type of bond to form polypeptides
what is a peptide bond?
This is the term used to describe ‘water-loving’ substances
what is hydrophilic?
this term is used to describe the unequal distribution of charge between two covalently bonded molecules
the change of a blue solution to an insoluble brick red precipitate signifies the presence of reducing sugars in this test
what is the Benedict's test?
the reaction between an acid and an alcohol produces this chemical and water
what is an ester?
this is the structural change in a protein that results in a loss (usually permanent) of its biological properties
what is denaturation?
this is the reaction in which hydrogen and hydroxyl ions from water are added to a large molecule, causing it to split into smaller molecules
what is hydrolysis?
the term used to describe a substance that is both an acid and a base (for example, an amino acid)
what is amphoteric?
this process occurs when two monosaccharides are joined together by a glycosidic bond with the loss of water
what is condensation?
This type of lipid makes up the bilayer of the cell membrane
what is a phospholipid?
this is the type of structure of a protein molecule resulting from the regular coiling or folding of the chain of amino acids, e.g. an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
what is secondary structure?
This property of water affects ions and polar molecules because the water molecules are attracted to the ions and polar molecules and therefore collect around and separate them.
what is water as a solvent/ universal solvent?
to break fats and oils into very tiny droplets
what is emulsify?
this organic molecule is made up of beta-glucose, in which the successive glucose units are linked at 180o to eachother, resulting in a strong molecule
what is cellulose?
This type of lipid has only one end that is soluble in water (hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tails)
what is a phospholipid?
this is a non-protein substance, bound to a protein as part of an enzyme, often forming part of the active site and able to bind to other proteins
what is a prosthetic group?
this is the measure of the heat energy needed to vaporize a liquid, changing it from a liquid to a gas (as a consequence of its high heat capacity, this is relatively high for water)
what is latent heat of vaporization?
complex polysaccharides found in the middle lamella of plant cell walls
what are pectins?