Attribution & Interpersonal Attraction
A group that one belongs to & identifies with
Ingroup
Widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group - may be positive or negative
Stereotypes
Strong, positive bonding which occurs in the first year of life and affects lifelong ability to connect on an interpersonal level
Attachment
Two or more individuals who interact and are interdependent
Group
Overt attitudes that one holds consciously and can readily describe
Explicit Attitudes
A group one does NOT belong to or identify with
Outgroup
Biased, negative preconceived thoughts of a group not based on reason or actual experiences
Prejudice
When people yield to real or imagined social pressure - perceived social norms
Conformity
People are less likely to provide needed help when they are in large groups than when they are alone
Bystander Effect
An uncomfortable state that occurs when behavior or thoughts do not match attitudes which causes internal conflict and tension
Cognitive Dissonance
Observers’ bias which blames internal attributions for others' behaviors
Fundamental Attribution Error
Behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward members of a group
Discrimination
Form of compliance which occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority
Obedience
A reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups, as compared with working alone
Social Loafing
The Elaboration Likelihood Model which uses content and logic to make decisions.
Central Route
Inferences drawn about causes of events, others’ behavior, and our own behavior
Attributions
When people estimate that they have encountered more confirmations of an association between social traits than they have actually seen
Illusory Correlation
Widely shared expectations about how people in certain positions are supposed to behave
Social Roles
Occurs when group discussion strengthens a group’s dominant point of view and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction
Group Polarization
Persuasion consists of source, model, communication, and receiver. Which component must be trustworthy and credible?
The source
Being friendly, well-adjusted, and competent are associated with what
Putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group membership.
Individualism
Famous research experiment which went horribly wrong and volunteer participants (prisoners) were abused by volunteer participants (guards)
Stanford Prison Experiment
Occurs when members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision
Groupthink
Beliefs, emotions, and actions are the 3 components of what?
Attitude