_____ sampling is the method most likely to lead to a representative sample.
Random
100
Meredith is a nurse in the obstetrics ward of a hospital. She tells her friend that at her hospital more babies are born when there is a full moon. The hospital's records show no such relationship, however. Meredith's belief is an example of:
an illusory correlation.
100
A statement that postulates that there is no difference between populations is a:
null hypothesis.
100
If a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is in fact true, the researcher has:
made a Type I error.
100
University college students are what type of sample?
convenience
200
As part of their work in a research methods class, a group of psychology students devised a survey to assess the relation between stress and health. Each member of the class administered the survey to 10 friends, and the data were then pooled. What method of sampling was used?
convenience
200
A tendency to pay attention to evidence that confirms one's a priori belief is called:
confirmation bias.
200
In a study of the effects of humor on memory, Schmidt (1994) had participants read either humorous sentences or non-humorous sentences and then later tested participants' memory for the sentences. Identify the null hypothesis this study.
There is no difference in memory for humorous and non-humorous sentences.
200
Jenny hypothesized that older adults would score higher on emotional intelligence measures compared to younger adults in her study. If Jenny erroneously rejected the null hypothesis, she would be committing what type of error?
Type I error
200
A goal of _____ statistics is to generalize from a sample to a population and help to determine the probability of a given outcome.
inferential
300
The extent to which research findings from one sample or context can be applied to other samples or contexts is called:
generalizability
300
The statement "There's a 95 percent chance that I will get an A on my midterm examination" best illustrates which concept?
subjective probability
300
A statement that postulates that two populations are different from one another is a(n) _____ hypothesis.
research
300
A false positive is to a _____ as a false negative is to a _____.
Type I error; Type II error
300
In a study of the effects of alcohol, a researcher compares reaction time of people who had 8 drinks against those who had 6 drinks, 4 drinks, 2 drinks, or 0 drinks. How many experimental groups are there in this design?
4
400
When one considers whether the results of a laboratory study will actually hold up as true when applied to the world outside of the laboratory, one is considering the _____ of the findings.
external validity
400
Brent tosses a quarter 4 times and 3 times it comes up heads. The proportion of heads is:
0.75
400
Jenny hypothesized that older adults would score higher on emotional intelligence measures compared to younger adults in her study. If the results are in support of Jenny's hypothesis, she would:
reject the null hypothesis.
400
A researcher who fails to reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is in fact false has:
made a Type II error.
400
The statement ÒThere is a positive relationship between anxiety and food consumptionÓ supports the _____ hypothesis.
research
500
Jared, the famous spokesman for the sandwich shop Subway, is an example of _____. While his claims are very impressive and persuasive, a well-designed study would provide more convincing evidence in support of that weight-loss method.
testimonial
500
Brent tosses a quarter 4 times and 3 times it comes up heads. The probability of heads is:
0.5
500
(T/F) The null hypothesis can express that there is no relationship between variables or that no change is expected.
TRUE
500
A false-negative pregnancy test is an example of a Type II error.
TRUE
500
Dr. Spock finds results that match his previous predictions. He claims that he has proven his hypothesis. What should he have said?