Lab Safety/Scientific Method
What are the steps of the scientific method in order?
Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion
This type of mixture looks uniform throughout. Saltwater is a good example.
Homogeneous mixture
Name the subatomic particles. What are the charges of them?
Proton (positive), Neutron (neutral). Electron (negative)
What are valence electrons?
Electrons located in the atom's outermost orbitals, generally those orbitals associated with the atom's highest principle energy level.
purple/violet light
What does the skull and crossbones safety sign mean?
Toxic/Poisonous
Food rotting is an example of what kind of change?
Chemical change
What does an atom's atomic number represent?
the number of protons in an atom
What is the Aufbau Principle?
This states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available.
The BLANK of an object is a measure of the average BLANK energy in its particles.
temperature; kinetic energy
What is PPE? What is it for?
Personal Protective Equipment. To protect you and others in the lab.
Glass shattering is an example of what kind of change?
Physical change
What does the mass number of an atom represent?
the sum of the atomic number (# of protons) and neutrons in the nucleus
What is the electron configuration for potassium?
1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s1
Name 3 types of electromagnetic radiation.
(Possible answers) radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X rays, gamma rays.
Name 7 different lab safety equipment and/or procedures. (Must name 7 to get the points!)
(Possible answers) gloves, lab coat, apron, safety goggles, closed toed shoes, hair pulled back, sleeves back, point heated test tubes away from anyone's face, wafting not inhaling, safety signs, eye wash station, safety shower, fire extinguisher, fire blanket, hand wash station.
A solid changes into a vapor with no melting. Frozen carbon dioxide is a good example.
Sublimation
What is ground state vs excited state in an atom?
ground state: lowest allowable energy state of an atom
excited state: when an atom gains energy
What is the electron configuration of oxygen?
1s22s22p4
Light has a dual nature. What 2 properties does it have?
Wave-like properties and particle-like properties.
When is it okay to have food and drink in the lab?
NEVER
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction---it is conserved. The mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products.
What is Hund's Rule?
every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied
What is the electron configuration of sodium using noble gas notation?
[Ne]3s1
What is a quantum?
The minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom.