Chapter 1 (Pt. 1)
Chapter 1 (Pt. 2)
Chapter 2 (Pt. 1)
Chapter 2 (Pt. 2)
Chapter 3 (Pt. 1)
Chapter 3 (Pt. 2)
100
The stomach is an structure that aids in digestion. What level of organization would the stomach be classifed in?
For an extra 200 points: list out the levels of organization in order.
Organ level (molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal)
100
A transverse plane splits the body into _______ and _______ parts.
For an extra 100 points each: name the other 3 types of planes and say/show how they will split the body.
Superior and Inferior parts
100
Sodium and chloride bind together, with sodium losing its electron and chloride stealing it. Name which is the cation and which is the anion in this situation.
For an extra 100 points: what kind of bond is this?
For an extra 100 points: When speaking about chloride, if it kept the electron, is it now in a oxidized or reduced state?
Cation = sodium and anion = chloride (ionic bond!)
Chloride is reduced because it gained an electron.
100
What are the 4 most common elements found in the body?
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, and Hydrogen
100
What process has 4 stages, produces 2 cells in total, and its purpose is cellular proliferation?
For an extra 100 points: name the 4 stages.
Mitosis (Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
100
Most of the communication between the intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid occurs through what structure?
For an extra 200 points: What are the two elements found in the extracellular fluid? What two things make up the intracellular fluid?
Plasma membrane (NaCl on outside, inside K and proteins!)
200
Birth is an example of what type of feedback?
For an extra 100 points: name another example that uses this feedback!
Positive Feedback (also used in blood clotting)
200
What necessary life function is not vital for individuals? Why is it not?
For an extra 100 points: name a condition or disorder that proves this.
Reproduction (needed for species; seen in infertility, menopause, etc.)
200
What is the purpose of enzymes?
For an extra 100 points: what kind of molecule is an enzyme?
For an extra 100 points: what suffix is specific for enzymes?
Speed up chemical reactions (its a protein; -ase)
200
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
For an extra 100 points each: name the other two functions!
For an extra 100 points: what is the most basic unit of carbohydrates? (bonus if you can name the main example!!)
The main function is quick energy production. Does this by breaking down its most basic units called monosaccharides (specifically glucose). (other functions are 'labeling cells' and forming the backbone of DNA/RNA)
200
What is the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm?
Cytoplasm is cytosol + organelles (EXCEPT the nucleus!)
200
What 'organelle' is responsible for breaking down non-needed proteins in the cell?
For an extra 100 points each: what are the other two members of the 'clean up crew'?
Proteasomes (the other two are peroxisomes and lysosomes)
300
A student is asked to show correct anatomical position. They stand up straight, hands facing posteriorly, and feet are slightly separated. Are they in the correct position? Why or Why not?
Not due to hands facing posteriorly (aka backwards; hands should be facing forward)
300
True or False: Homeostasis is a stagnant process.
False (homeostasis is very dynamic because the body changes as it interacts with the environment!)
300
Two molecules are bounded together and they are sharing a molecule. Although they are sharing, one is pulling the electron more than the other. What type of bond is this?
For an extra 100 points: what is an example of a molecule that uses this bond?
Polar bond (big example: water!!)
300
What are the weakest bonds found in our body?
For an extra 100 points: Why are these the weakest?
Hydrogen bonds (only have an 'attraction' so no electrons are shared or exchanged!)
300
About 95 percent of the energy needed to keep a cell alive and functioning is generated by what structure?
For an extra 200 points: When this structure generates energy, it changes ATP into ADP. Is this a catabolic or anabolic process?
Mitochondria (breaks ATP (adenosine TRIphosphate) into ADP (andeosine DIphosphate) to create energy)
300
How is resting membrane potential calculated?
For an extra 100 points: There is a major protein that's only function is to regulate the RMP. What is this protein called?
Electric charge from outside plus electric charge from the inside (regulated by sodium-potassium pump!)
400
A patient came in complaining about stomach pain. After feeling the area, the doctors concluded that the area is focused above his stomach. What abdominopelvic region is affected in this situation?
Epigastric Reigon
400
What organ system deals with collecting fluid and controls our immune system?
For an extra 400 points: name the other 10 systems.
Lymphatic System
400
What reaction takes out water to combine two molecules?
For an extra 100 points: is this process anabolic or catabolic and why?
For an extra 100 points: name the process that reverses this reaction.
Dehydration synthesis (anabolic reaction; opposite reaction is hydrolysis)
400
What is the main function of phospholipids?
For an extra 100 points: name a special characteristic of phospholipids.
For an extra 100 points: There is another kind of lipid that is related to phospholipids. What other kind of lipid is seen with phospholipids in its function?
Make the plasma membrane and separate inside of cell from the outside (they are amphiphilic; steroids (cholesterol!!) are specifically seen with filling in gaps in the plasma membrane)
400
What is the main function of tight junctions?
For an extra 100 points: These can be related to a certain necessary life function. What NLF is directly related to this type of cell junction?
For an extra 100 points each: name the other two cell junctions with their functions.
Keep things separated (related to function of separation)
Other cell junctions are desmosomes (keep cells together or 'anchor') and gap junctions (communication)
400
Where does the process of transcription occur?
For an extra 100 points: The process starts with what? What does it end with?
In nucleus (starts with DNA; ends with mRNA)
500
True or False: The popliteal area is distal to the tarsal area.
False (Popliteal (knee) is proximal to the tarsal (ankle) area)
500
A student claims a person with left-sided chest pain must have pain in the left hypochondriac region. Is the student correct? Why or why not?
They are incorrect because the abdominopelvic regions cannot be used to describe areas above the diaphragm.
500
A patient comes in and they are vomiting excessively. After doing a blood test, it was found that their blood pH was 8. Describe the state of the blood in terms of pH.
For an extra 100 points: what is the normal pH for blood?
The blood is basic (normal blood ~7.4)
500
A protein has had its shape change due to hydrogen bonds. Now instead of having a beta-sheet form, it now has folded together into almost a ball shape. What level of protein structure is this an example of?
For an extra 100 points: what is an important characteristic of proteins at this level?
Tertiary level (the most common protein level in the body!)
500
A polar molecule wants to come into the cell due to pressures around it and inside the cell. It has to use a specific channel protein to pass into the cell, but is let right in. What is the name of this process?
For an extra 100 points: what is the name of that special protein?
For an extra 100 points: What are the names of the two pressures controlling this process?
Osmosis (aquaporins let in water; water is controlled by hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure)
500
I am a non-polar molecule and I want to go into the cell because I'm in a hypertonic solution. What transport process would I use and why?
Extra 100 points if you can get specific!
Passive transport process (specifically simple diffusion!)