The position that every behavior has a cause fits best with:
Determinism
100
T/F: We can prove a theory to be either true or false.
Provide an explanation for your answer
False: We can never prove a theory to be true
100
_______ is the accuracy of a statement, whereas _______ is the consistency of measures or observations.
Validity, reliability
100
The committee that decides whether a study is ethical is called:
Internal Review Board (IRB)
200
Three types of metaphysical systems include:
Animism, mythology/religion, astrology
200
The position that science relies of systematic observations fits best with:
Empiricism
200
What's the main difference between laws and theories?
Breadth - theories have boundary conditions
200
Lab experiments are high in _________ validity, whereas passive observations are high in _________ validity.
Internal, external
200
What's wrong people's claims that they have ESP?
They can't be falsified
300
The two precursors to experimental psychology were:
Philosophy and physiology
300
Joanie thinks that dogs are good at following human gestures because they can put themselves in the human's position. Jack thinks that dogs have just been conditioned to follow human hands to receive rewards. Which explanation best fits with the canon of parsimony?
Jack's explanation
300
Dogs over the age of 8 learn fewer new tricks than dogs under the age of 8.
What is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable in this study?
independent variable = age of dog, dependent variable = acquisition of new tricks
300
If we can generalize our findings to the population, our study has high ______ validity. If our findings establish a causal relationship, our study has high _______ validity.
external, internal
300
Reasoning by analogy and functional/adaptive analyses of behavior are _______ techniques, whereas case studies and paradoxical incidents are _________ techniques.
deductive, inductive
400
The four ways of knowing about the world include:
Intuition, Logic, Authority, Observation
400
What are two alternative names for parsimony (Hint: one applies to animals)?
Occam's Razor and Morgan's Canon
400
The approach to hypothesis testing that combines features of both validation and falsification is called:
Qualification
400
Construct validity to closely associated with a study's:
operational definitions
400
What are the 4 types of scales? Give examples of each.
Nominal (gender), Ordinal (rank in race), Interval (IQ), Ratio (beers drank)
500
To scientists, the most important ways of knowing about the world are:
Observation and logic
500
Who said that openness to criticism and revisions is what makes a field of study scientific?
Karl Popper
500
Inductive reasoning is ________-driven, whereas deductive reasoning is _______-driven.