take ACTion
England and France agree to withdraw their troops from Scotland and leave Scotland’s Parliament free to make their own religious decisions.
What was the Treaty of Edinburgh?
A long revolution in which the Dutch eventually won their independence from Spain and established the independent Dutch Republic.
What was the Dutch Revolt?
The union of the two separate kingdoms of England & of Scotland under a single monarch, that of King James.
What was The Union of the Crowns?
Sorely persecuted French Protestants who had a part in establishing three short-lived and unsuccessful colonies in the New World.
Who were the Hugenots?
The three ships of the first expedition to Jamestown
What are Susan Constant, Godspeed and Discovery?
The Scottish Reformation Parliament declared that the pope no longer held any authority over Scotland.
What is the Papal Jurisdiction Act (1560)?
A long, very bloody religious war fought between Catholics and Protestants all over the Holy Roman Empire, Denmark, Sweden and France.
What was the Thirty Years War?
King James ordered his bishops to translate a new Bible for the Anglican Church whose accuracy and authority would not be questioned by scholars. The King James Bible was translated by 54 scholars over 6 years (1604-1610). They translated directly from the earliest Hebrew, Greek and Aramaic versions of the Scriptures available.
What was the Hampton Court Conference?
A French explorer that was called the Father of New France. He was the founder of Quebec and the first European to explore the Great Lakes. He also helped the Huron win the Battle of Ticonderoga (1609) against the Iroquois. He killed 2 of 3 Mohawk chiefs with a single shot, his soldiers fired too, the Mohawk fled and the battle was over.
Chief Powhatan lay siege to Jamestown, intending to starve the colonists to death. Once the colonists received help from England, they answered Powhatan with open warfare.
What was the First Anglo-Powhatan War?
The members of the Northern provinces of the Low Countries declared their independence from King Philip II and established the Dutch Republic.
What is The Act of Abjuration?
A decades-long set of wars fought between Iroquois, Huron and other native peoples to decide who would control the rich fur trade between North America and Europe.
What were the Beaver Wars?
They created an alliance with the Treaty of Berwick. After the Scottish Reformation, Scotland had a lot more in common with Protestant England than it did with Catholic France. They promised to defend one another against invasion, especially against Catholic France and Spain.
Who were King James VI and Queen Elizabeth?
it had a governing council of 50 wise chiefs called the Great Council and every council decision required a unanimous vote. Iroquois clan mothers elected all 50 members of the council.
Made up of the Five Nations; Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and Mohawk.
What was the Iroquois Confederacy?
300-400 colonists were trapped inside James Fort. They started to eat things like horses, dogs, cats, rats, mice, snakes and shoe leather. Some became desperate enough to eat their own dead. Only about 60 colonists survived by May 23, 1610.
What was The Starving Time?
It declared that (1) the settlers had the power to form their own government without approval from the king and parliament and (2) all men, not just wealthy nobles, had a voice in their government.
What was the Mayflower Compact?
The beginning of the Thirty Years War where A band of angry Protestants burst into the Prague castle and asked the Catholic officials there if they were responsible for tearing down the Protestant churches. They were furious and threw 2 men out of a 3rd floor window and they survived.
What was the Defenestration of Prague?
A failed attempt to assassinate King James I of England during the opening of Parliament in November 1605.
What was the Gunpowder Plot?
Established by new governor George Yeardley, it replaced strict martial laws with laws written and approved by elected representatives (eleven settlements in VI with 2 elected reps each). This was the 1st democratically elected legislature in the New World among Europeans.
what was The House of Burgesses?
The beginning of the Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1622-32). It was an Algonquian attack against the English and wiped out about one third of all colonists.
What was the Massacre of 1622?
Queen Elizabeth insisted that all Englishmen regularly attend Anglican services, take Holy Communion without complaint and avoid conventicles so she passed these laws against both Puritans and Catholics: because in her view, a strong Anglican Church was essential to a strong England.
What was the Act Against Puritans?
This left the Holy Roman Empire more united than before the war and Emperor Ferdinand II more powerful than before the war started.
What was the Peace of Prague?
King Rudolf II, King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor, issued a charter of religious freedoms that:
accepted Bohemian Protestants’ confession of faith as a legal confession
Guaranteed Bohemian Protestants the right to build churches on any royal estates
Declared these freedoms to be permanent
What was the Letter of Majesty?
A Mohawk chief inspired by Deganawida’s vision of peace who paddled around Iroquois land and tried to promote peace. He was successful and the Iroquois Confederacy was formed.
Who was Hiawatha?
relieved Pilgrims of the constant fear of attack
gave the Pilgrims a powerful ally
allowed the Pilgrims to trade freely with the Wampanoag and other tribes and develop the fur trade that would help them pay off debts they owed investors.
allowed the Pilgrims to gain knowledge from Squanto and others that saved their lives
What was The Peace of Massasoit?