Epidemiology
A field of science that studies health problems within populations.
What is epidemiology?
An epidemic affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, or continent.
What is a pandemic?
Any virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite.
What is a pathogen?
The direct and immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another.
What is direct transmission?
Preventing a disease or disorder before it happens.
What is primary prevention?
The ability of a program to produce a desired effect among those who participate in the program compared with those who do not.
What is efficacy?
What is an endemic?
An object such as a piece of clothing, a door handle, or a utensil that can harbor an infectious agent and is capable of being a means of transmission.
What is a fomite?
Occurs when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host.
What is indirect transmission?
Requires behavior change on the part of the individual.
What is active primary prevention?
What is effectiveness?
The occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events in excess of normal expectancy.
What is an epidemic?
An infectious organism in vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to humans through direct contact, a fomite, or a vector.
What is zoonosis?
Occurs when droplets or dust particles carry the pathogen to the host and cause infection.
What is airborne transmission?
Doesn't require behavior change on the part of the individual. (e.g. drinking fluorinated water)
What is passive primary prevention?
The characterization of the distribution of health-related states or events.
What is descriptive epidemiology?
Arise from infections transmitted from one infected person to another. Transmission can occur through direct or indirect routes.
What is a propagated epidemic?
What is a reservoir?
When an arthropod conveys the infectious agent. It doesn't cause the disease, but it does transmit it.
What is vector-borne transmission?
Aimed at the health screening and detection activities used to identify disease.
What is secondary prevention?
Finding and quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and identifying causes of health-related states or events.
What is a mixed epidemic?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen but has not become ill or shown any of the symptoms of the disease.
What is a passive carrier?
When the pathogen undergoes changes as part of its life cycle while within the host/vector and before being transmitted to a new host.
What is biological transmission?
Aimed to slow or block the progression of a disability, condition, or disorder in order to keep it from advancing and requiring excessive care.
What is tertiary prevention?