It first struck Europe in 1347 and killed one-third to one-half the population.
What is the Black Death?
100
A program of study designed by Italians that emphasized the critical study of Latin and Greek literature with the goal of understanding human nature.
What is Humanism?
100
Sworn associates of free men in Italian cities led by merchant guilds that sought political and economic independence from local nobles.
What are Communes?
100
Law issued in 1366 that discriminated against the Irish, forbidding marriage between the English and the Irish, requiring use of the English language, and denying the Irish access to ecclesiastical offices.
What is the Statute of Kilkenny?
100
The period from 1309 to 1376 when the popes resided in Avignon rather than in Rome. The phrase refers to the seventy years when the Hebrews were held captive in Babylon.
What is Babylonian Captivity?
200
It struck Europe in 1315 after a period of climate change.
What is the Great Famine?
200
A French word meaning "rebirth," it is used to describe the rebirth of the culture of classical antiquity in Italy during the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries.
What is Renaissance?
200
Deliberative meeting of lords and wealthy urban residents that flourished in many European countries between 1250 and 1450.
What are Representative Assemblies?
200
His papacy, which began in 1378, was weakened by his lack of tact and diplomacy.
Who is Pope Urban VI?
200
Magnificent households and palaces where signori and other rulers lived, conducted business, and supported the arts.
What are Courts?
300
Between 1337 and 1453 this overwhelmed England and France with political and economic causes and consequences.
What is the Hundred Years War?
300
Northern humanists who interpreted Italian ideas about and attitudes toward classical antiquity and humanism in terms of their own religious traditions.
What are Christian Humanists?
300
Voluntary lay groups organized by occupation, devotional preference, neighborhood, or charitable activity.
What are Confraternities?
300
Because many knights felt obliged by the chivalric code to lead lavish lifestyles, this increased during the later medieval era.
What is Crime?
300
Men of this occupation developed printing with movable type in the 1440s.
Who are Metalsmiths?
400
In 1381 English peasants responded to changing economic conditions with this.
What is English Peasants' Revolt?
400
The quality of being able to shape the world according to one's own will.
What is virtu?
400
A term for Jews and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula who accepted Christianity; in many cases they included Christians whose families had converted centuries earlier.
What are New Christians?
400
The division, or split, in church leadership from 1378 to 1417, when there were two, then three popes.
What is the Great Schism?
400
People who believed that the authority in the Roman Church should rest in a general court composed of clergy, theologians, and laypeople, rather than in the pope alone.
Who are Conciliarists?
500
A massive uprising by French peasants in 1358 protesting heavy taxation.
What is Jacquerie?
500
Debate among writers and thinkers in the Renaissance about women's qualities and proper role in society.
What is the Debate about Women?
500
Disenfranchised common people in Italian cities who resented their exclusion from power.
Who are the Popolo?
500
Government by one-man rule in Italian cities such as Milan; also refers to these rulers.
Who are Signori?
500
By compartmentalization of production across many households, this transformed production in the fourteenth century.