Discourse Analysis 1
What is Discourse Analysis?
the study of language beyond the sentence, in text and conversation
What is cohesion
the ties and connections between words that exist within texts
What is category?
a group with certain features in common
What is culture?
socially acquired knowledge
what is a countable noun?
type of noun that can be used in English with a/an and the plural (e.g. a cup, two cups), in contrast to non-countable
What are cohesive ties?
the individual connections between words and phrases in a text
What is coherence?
the connections that readers and listeners create in their minds to arrive at a meaningful interpretation of texts
What is a lexicalized category?
the one expressed as a single word, in contrast to non-lexicalized
what are kinship terms?
words used to refer to people who are members of the same family that indicate their relationship with other members
What is a non-countable noun?
type of noun that is not used in English with a/an or the plural (e.g. *a furniture, *two furnitures), in contrast to countable
What is a completion point?
in conversation, the end of a turn, usually marked by a pause at the end of a phrase or sentence
What is a turn?
in conversation, the unit of talk by one speaker, ended by the beginning of the next speaker’s unit of talk
What is linguistic determinism?
the idea that we can only think in the categories provided by our language, in contrast to linguistic relativity
What is linguistic relativity?
the idea that, to some extent, we think about the world using categories provided by our language, in contrast to linguistic determinism
What is tautology?
an expression (often a saying) that seems simply to repeat an element with no apparent meaning (e.g. Boys will be boys. A sandwich is a sandwich)
What is a turn-taking?
the way in which each speaker takes a turn in conversation
What is conversation analysis?
the study of turntaking in conversation
What is Sapir–Whorf hypothesis?
the general idea that differences in language structure cause people to view the world differently, from the names of two American linguists, Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf
What is a non-lexicalized category?
the one not expressed as a single word, in contrast to lexicalized
What is implicature?
an additional meaning conveyed by a speaker adhering to the co-operative principle
What is a co-operative principle?
an underlying assumption of conversation that you will “make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged”
What is a filled pause?
a break in the flow of speech, using sounds such as em and er
What is cognitive category?
a category used in the organization of how we think
What are classifiers?
grammatical markers that indicate the type or “class” of a noun
What is schema?
a conventional knowledge structure in memory for specific things, such as a supermarket (food is displayed on shelves, arranged in aisles, etc.)