Ch 12
Gene variations that are found on similar locations of homologous chromosomes
What is an allele
Theory that chromosomes carry the genetic makeup of inheritance
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
This enzyme adds bases to the ends of chromosomes to help preserve and protect the chromosome
What is telomerase
Nucleotide triplets are called
What are codons
Most mistakes in DNA replication are corrected by this quality of DNA polymerase
What is proofreading
Organisms underlying genetic makeup
What is genotype
Process in which sister chromatids fail to separate in meiosis, result in the incorrect number of chromosomes in a cell
What is nondisjunction
X-ray diffraction image taken by __________ helped lead Watson and Crick to the discovery of _________________
What is Rosalind Franklin and double stranded DNA structure
The flow of genetic material transcribed into mRNA then translated into proteins
What is the central dogma of microbiology
Point, missense, and nonsense are types of
What are point mutations
Phenomenon where genes on the same chromosome that are close to each other are more likely to be inherited together
What is linkage
These two terms were first coined by Hugo DeVries
What are gene and mutation
Meselson and Stahl used isotopes of nitrogen to discover DNA replication is
What is semiconservative
The steps of Initiation, Elongation, and Termination take place in which process
What are Transcription and Translation
small circular DNA of bacteria that can be passed to other cells independently; a key idea in antibiotic resistance
What are plasmids
Dominant to recessive allele ratio seen in the F2 generation of monohybrid cross.
What is 3:1 ratio
An individuals chromosome number and appearance
What is a karyotype
This enzyme adds bases one by one in DNA replication
What is DNA polymerase
UAA, UAG, UGA
What are the stop codons
AUG is known as this
What is a start codon
concepts of gene interaction to produce phenotypes. An example would be the expression of gene at a locus that inhibits the expression of another gene at different locus
What is epistasis
Lejeune's syndrome is a side effect to damage to this chromosome
What is the 5th chromosome
Virus that infects bacteria
What is a bacteriophage
RNA polymerase II transcribes
What is mRNA
Under what Roman emperor was Saint Valentine martyred
What is Claudius (II)