Chapter 1
Earth's Systems and Interactions
Earth's Systems and Interactions
What are the layers of Earth in order from inner to outer?
Inner core, Outer core, Mantle, Continental Crust, and Oceanic Crust
What is Earth's core composed of?
Metal (iron and small amounts of nickel)
What is weathering?
Weathering is the physical and chemical processes that change objects on Earth's surface over time.
Which scientist proposed the idea of continental drift?
Alfred Wegener
What are fossils?
Fossils are the preserved remains or evidence of ancient living things.
The temperature within Earth's layers ___________ with increasing depth?
Increases
What are seismic waves?
Seismic waves are earthquake waves.
What are some causes of physical weathering?
Physical weathering are processes that naturally break rocks into smaller pieces. Some causes include abrasion, ice wedging, plants, and animals.
What does the law of superposition state?
The law of superposition states that the oldest rocks are at the bottom and the youngest rocks are at the top.
Matching fossils from separate locations is known as what?
Correlation
What is evaporation?
Evaporation is the process by which liquid, such as a water, changes into a gas.
What are the three types of rocks?
Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic rock.
What is chemical weathering?
Chemical weathering is the change of one material and its composition to the next.
What is the theory of plate tectonics?
The theory of plate tectonics states that Earth's surface is divided into large plates of rigid rocks that move with respect to each other.
What is a half-life?
A half-life is the time required for half of the parent isotopes to decay into daughter isotopes.
What is magma?
Magma is molten rock that has not reached Earth's surface.
What is lithification?
Lithification is the process through which sediment turns into rock.
What is erosion?
Erosion is the removal and transport of weathered material from one location to another.
What are earthquakes?
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.
What are Earth's four spheres?
the Hydrosphere, the Atmosphere, the Geosphere, and the Biosphere.
What is one process of the rock cycle?
Deposition, Uplift, Weathering, Erosion, Subduction, Cooling and Crystallization.
What is a glacier?
A glacier is a large mass of ice that formed on land and moves slowly across Earth's surface.
What are the three types of plate boundaries that result from the movement of plate tectonics?
Divergent plate boundaries, Convergent plate boundaries, and Transform plate boundaries.
What is an inclusion?
An inclusion is a piece of an old rock that becomes part of a new rock.