This drink was found almost nowhere in Europe until the 17th century but was unavoidable in society by the 18th.
What is coffee?
100
This ruler of France, a.k.a. the Sun King, established an absolute monarchy exemplified by the quote, "l'état, c'est moi."
What is Louis XIV?
100
This "last great war of religion" was fought primarily between Puritans and Catholics between 1642 and 1646.
What is the English Civil War?
100
Beginning in the 1690s, this movement criticized the arbitrary foundations of many elements of society, especially absolutism.
What is the Enlightenment?
100
This hygienic process, unpopular in public since the 1500s for supposed promotion of disorder and illness, became unpopular even in private in the 1700s.
What is bathing?
200
This literary format, with a name that suggests its newness, exploded in popularity beginning in 1700.
What is the novel?
200
This Russian tsar promoted Westernization to the extent that he ordered the construction of a new, Westernized capital named after himself.
Who is Peter [the Great/the First]?
200
This country wrested control of Hungary from Turkey over a period of 67 years (leading, much later, to an empire in both countries' names that was a key player in World War I).
What is Austria?
200
Hobbes and Locke both believed political authority should originate from this type of relationship between the governors and the governed.
What is a social contract?
200
This city’s Great Fire of 1666 destroyed seven-eighths of its wood-and-thatch houses.
What is London?
300
This art style that emphasizes tradition was adopted by French artists as a de facto national style, at the expense of baroque.
What is classicism?
300
Beginning in 1689, he ruled both the Dutch Republic and, through marriage, England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Who is William [the Third]?
300
This country lost the territories of Estonia and Livonia to Russia in the Great Northern War, but kept its hold on Finland.
What is Sweden?
300
This mononymous 18th century author was known for satire, for attacking bigotry in his native France, and for publishing an easily-understandable explanation of Isaac Newton's scientific discoveries.
Who is Voltaire?
300
Mary Wortley Montagu is credited with popularizing vaccination against this disease in Western Europe (though it would not be eradicated entirely until 1977).
What is smallpox?
400
This mononymous French playwright, considered the greatest of the 17th century, was best known for his comedies of manners, including The Middle-Class Gentleman.
Who is Moliere?
400
This Stuart king, married to a French Catholic, temporarily infused Catholic rituals and values into the Church of England's doctrine.
Who is Charles I?
400
Louis XIV managed to install his grandson Philip on the throne of a neighboring country during this 12-year war, yet still lost territory and prestige during the war.
What is the War of the Spanish Succession?
400
This branch of Christianity with a reverent (and somewhat Roman) name was a reaction against perceived complacency in Protestant countries' national churches.
What is Pietism?
400
Unlike the later Industrial Revolution, this revolution centered in 1700s England relied far more on changes in production methods than improved technology.
What is the Agricultural Revolution?
500
This expressive painting and architectural style named after a silly adjective was a reaction against the strictness of the baroque style.
What is rococo?
500
Though the position was unofficial when he was in government, this man is usually said to have become the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 1721.
Who is [Robert] Walpole?
500
This kingdom took the lead in number of troops per capita in the mid-18th century, shortly after not participating at all in the nearby War of the Polish Succession.
What is Prussia?
500
This Huguenot refugee living in the Dutch Republic declared that religion must be subject to tests of rationality in the Historical and Critical Dictionary.
Who is [Pierre] Bayle?
500
This lightweight fabric (with a name that also describes a housecat coat pattern) was considered the most important product exported from India in the early 1700s.