The Church & the Crusades
The series of military expeditions from Christian Europe to Muslim Palestine between the 1000s and 1200s
What were the Crusades?
When kings or queens have unlimited power and control all aspects of society, they are called this
What is an absolute monarch?
It was a way of thought that focuses on human beings and their potential for achievement
What was humanism?
This device, that mechanically printed pages by pressing inked forms onto paper was invented around 1455 by Johann Gutenberg
What was the printing press?
This was a division in the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417, which occurred when the Church's two centers of power elected different popes
What was the Great Schism?
He was an Italian philosopher who said classical philosophy and Christian theology could exist in harmony
Who was Thomas Aquinas?
She was a French peasant girl who led the French to victory over the English at Orleans in 1429
Who was Joan of Arc?
Wealthy or powerful people who provide money, support, and encouragement to an artist or a cause
Who is a patron?
An image produced from a wood carving
What is a woodcut?
He was a German theologian, born in 1483, who was a leader of the Reformation
Who was Martin Luther?
What was the Inquisition?
The disease that struck western Eurasia in the mid-1300s, in an outbreak known as the Black Death
What is the bubonic plague?
It typically refers to outstanding works of art, especially an artist's greatest works
What are masterpieces?
By the time of the Renaissance, the well-educated spoke Latin; the rest spoke this, a person's native language
What is vernacular?
It was the sale of these, a relaxation of earthly punishment for sin, that was a major factor in the Reformation
What were indulgences?
These are people with priestly authority in a religion
Who are clergy?
A weapon that could shoot arrows with enough power to penetrate a knight's armor
What was a longbow?
This was the rebirth of creativity, literature, and learning in Europe from about 1300 to 1600
What was the Renaissance?
He was an English playwright and poet of the late 1500s and early 1600s responsible for Romeo & Juliet and Hamlet, among others
Who was William Shakespeare?
This movement of the 1500s, intended to change practices within the Roman Catholic Church
What was the Reformation?
The series of campaigns, ending in 1492, by which Christian armies drove Muslim rulers out of Spain
What was the Reconquista?
What was the Hundred Years' War?
This is a technique used by artists to give the appearance of depth and distance
What is perspective?
This was a period of English History named after Queen Elizabeth I, who ruled from 1558 to 1603
What was the Elizabethan Age?
This is a member of a Christian group that broke away from the Catholic Church
What is a Protestant?