All about atoms
I am the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element... what am I?
An atom
What kind of bond am I: Two atoms form a molecule by sharing two pairs of valence electrons.
A double bond.
If something contains this element, it is considered organic...
Carbon
Does a hydrophillic substance have an affinity for water?
Yes.
In a dehydration reaction, are we adding or removing water?
Removing water.
Describe an electronegative atoms affinity for electrons.
Electronegative atoms have a strong affinity for electrons. They pull electrons towards them with a stronger force.
Two molecules of water interact by what type of bonding?
Hydrogen bonding.
How many valence electrons does carbon have? How many bonds can it form?
Carbon has 4 valence electrons and can form 4 bonds.
In a solution of sugar water, what is the solvent and what is the solute?
Water is the solvent and sugar is the solute.
Polymers are made of what?
Monomers.
What is the primary difference between two isotopes?
The number of neutrons in their nuclei. Isotopes have the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons.
What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is the sharing of valence electrons between two atoms.
The hydrocarbon tails of a phospholipid contain which two elements?
Hydrogen and Carbon.
Describe why ice floats on water.
The water molecules in ice are not as tightly packed together as they are in liquid water, making the ice less dense than the liquid water and allowing the ice to float.
What interactions allow some lizards to crawl on ceilings, fighting the forces of gravity?
Van der Waals Interactions
My atomic number is 6 and my mass number is 12... How many neutrons are in my nucleus?
I have 6 neutrons (Carbon)
What atoms make up table salt and what kind of chemical interactions do these atoms experience?
Sodium and Chlorine aka NaCl. A sodium cation interacts with a Chlorine anion to form an ionic bond.
Isomers are compounds that have the same number of atoms of the same elements but a different what?
Isomers have different structures and hence different properties.
What are the two forces that help move water up a plant such as a tree? Describe both forces.
Cohesion and Adhesion. Cohesion is the attractive forces between the actual water molecules and helps transport water against gravity. Adhesion is the attraction between different substances and would help the water molecules "stick" to the walls of the plant as it moves upwards against gravity.
When ATP loses a phosphate group, what does it become?
ADP... Adenosine TriPhosphate to Adenosine DiPhosphate. ATP reacts with water to make ADP
An electron starts off very close to the nucleus of the atom and then moves to the valence shell... what is happening to its potential energy?
Its potential energy is increasing... the more distant an atom is from the nucleus, the greater its potential energy. Energy is absorbed as an electron moves to higher electron shell.
Describe the relationship between hydrogen bonding and electronegativity.
A hydrogen bond is the attraction between a hydrogen atom on one molecule and an electronegative atom on another molecule. A hydrogen atom is not very electronegative, so it tends to have a partial positive charge that is attracted to the partial negative charge on surrounding electronegative atoms.
What is the name of the functional group that involves a Carbon double bonded to an Oxygen (C=O)?
Carbonyl group
An alcohol solution has a high concentration of hydroxide ions... is this alcohol considered to be more basic or more acidic?
More basic. Basic solutions have a high concentraion of hydroxide ions (OH-)
How does morphine affect pain perception?
By mimicking the brains natural endorphins.