Slavery
This is why early plantations had limited profits: most colonists did not want to do this kind of work.
Hard, hot field labor/plantation work.
What name is given to the voyage that transported enslaved Africans across the Atlantic?
The Middle Passage.
Give one risky and one less risky form of resistance used by enslaved people.
Risky: running away or rebelling. Less risky: slowing work deliberately or breaking tools.
What larger European war was the French and Indian War part of?
The Seven Years' War.
Name two cash crops mentioned that grew especially well in the Southern colonies.
Sugarcane and tobacco.
Where did European traders often exchange goods for captives before loading them onto ships?
West African coasts / ports on the west coast of Africa.
Name one musical or cultural contribution that originated from enslaved Africans and influenced American culture.
Music genres such as blues, gospel, jazz, ragtime.
What treaty ended the French and Indian War in 1763?
The Treaty of Paris (1763).
Explain one reason plantation owners preferred enslaved African labor over indentured servants.
Enslaved Africans were forced to work for life and were not paid; slave owners did not have to give land or freedom after a set term, increasing profits and labor stability.
Approximately how many Africans died during the Middle Passage voyages?
1.5 million.
What is "pating jiba" and why was it important to enslaved people?
It is a complex blend of clapping and dancing used for expression and community — an ancestor to some modern step traditions.
According to the Treaty of Paris, which country gave up most of its land claims in North America?
France gave up most land claims in North America (mainland Canada and lands east of the Mississippi).
What event or problem caused Europeans to begin seeking African labor instead of using American Indians?
Many American Indians died from European diseases after being forced into labor, reducing available labor and prompting Europeans to seek African slaves.
List two items Europeans traded to African sellers in exchange for enslaved people.
Cloth, guns, rum.
Explain how folklore helped preserve African culture in the colonies.
The trickster rabbit tales (B’er Rabbit) derived from African folklore and influenced American children's stories and oral traditions.
What important plan proposed at the Albany Congress called for a unified colonial government? Who suggested it?
The Albany Plan of Union, suggested by Benjamin Franklin.
Describe how race-based beliefs helped justify slavery in the colonies.
Europeans believed their culture was superior and viewed Africans as uncivilized and inferior; this racist ideology was used to justify enslaving Africans and treating them as property for economic gain.
Explain the role of some West African groups in the start of the transatlantic slave trade, based on the passage.
Some West African tribes captured members of other tribes and brought captives to coastal ports where Europeans traded goods for enslaved people
Choose one area (folklore, music, dance, craftsmanship, or agriculture). Describe a specific example of how enslaved Africans influenced that area.
Folklore — B’er Rabbit tales; Music — field hollers leading to blues; Dance — capoeira's disguised self-defense; Craftsmanship — basket-making and quilting techniques; Agriculture — rice-growing techniques brought by West African enslaved people.
Explain one effect colonial discrimination had on American Indians and one effect it had on colonial powers.
On American Indians — loss of land, disruption of societies, pressure to choose sides in colonial conflicts; On colonial powers — shifting alliances and territorial gains/losses, increased debt, and rising tensions that later influenced colonial attitudes toward British governance.