Carbohydrates
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate
monosaccharide
What is the monomer of a protein
amino acids
What is the structure of a triglyceride
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What is the monomer of nucleic acids
nucleotides
What is an organic compound
What is the polymer of a carbohydrate
polysaccharide
What is the polymer of a protein
polypeptide
Why are lipids hydrophobic (no affinity for water)?
They are made mostly of C-H bonds which are nonpolar
-H2O cannot hydrogen bond with nonpolar substances
What is the polymer of nucleic acids
polynucleotide
What is an isomer
compound with the same molecular formula but with different structures and properties
-Structural isomers
-Enantiomers
What is the covalent bond of carbohydrates called
glycosidic linkage
peptide bond
What does unsaturated vs. saturated fat mean?
Saturated means it is saturated with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms
-No double bonds between C's
Unsaturated means it is not saturated with hydrogens
-One ore more double bonds
What is the covalent bond of nucleic acids called
phosphodiester bond
The formation of large macromolecules by the removal of water
dehydration synthesis
-monomers are joined by covalent bonds to form polymers
Storage are starch in plants and glycogen in animals
Structure is celluloseWhat physical/chemical conditions can affect protein structure and what is this called?
Denaturation
-pH
-ion/salt concentration
-temperature, etc.
What is the structure of a phospholipid?
1 glycerol
2 fatty acids
1 phosphate group (polar, makes this hydrophobic)
What are the 2 types of nucleic acid
-Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
The breakdown of molecules by the addition of water
hydrolysis
-polymers are broken down to monomers
What is the difference in structure between starch and cellulose
Starch is made of alpha ring chains
Cellulose is made of beta ring chains
What are the four levels of protein structure
1) Primary structure
2) Secondary structure
3) Tertiary structure
4) Quaternary structure
What is the major component of all cell membranes?
What is the structure of a nucleotide
-Phosphate group
-Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, T, U)
What is a chaperonin
protein molecules that help proteins fold correctly after they are made