Genetics
What is genetics?
The study of heredity.
What is heredity?
The passage of genetic instructions (traits) from parent to offspring.
A change in DNA sequence that can be harmful, helpful or make no difference.
What is mutation?
Some genes can be hidden or covered up by another. These are considered to be-
Recessive
For some traits, only one copy of a particular gene is needed to show a given trait. These genes are referred to as-
Dominant
Where are genes located?
Genes are sections of DNA
DNA is found in chromosomes
Who first studied heredity and the passage of traits from one generation to the next?
Gregor Mendel
The letters that represent the four bases.
What is A, T, G, & C?
What is the punnett square used for?
To determine the outcome of genetic crossings.
Name two traits that could be inherited from a parent?
Examples: hair color, eye color, height, skin color, freckles, etc...
What are the threadlike structures of DNA that carry genes called?
Chromosomes
What type of organism did Gregor Mendel use to first study heredity?
Pea Plants
The shape Rosalind Franklin uncovered with her X-ray diffraction and Watson and Crick built a model for.
What is a double helix?
A black chicken (BB) is crossed with a black chicken (BB). What percentage of offspring will be black?
100%
The base complimentary to cytosine
What is guanine?
Inherited traits that children get from their parents come from-
Genes
The physical trait observed in an offspring is known as it's -
Phenotype
These two scientists concluded that that DNA must look like a long, twisted ladder.
Who are Watson and Crick?
Having dimples is dominant (D). Not having dimples is recessive. (d) Both parents are heterozygous for the dominant trait. What percentage of the children will NOT have dimples?
25%
The biochemist who discovered that the amount of adenine in DNA always equals the amount of thymine and the amount of guanine always equals the amount of cytosine.
Who is Chargaff?
What do we call the genetic make up of the individual, represented by a set of letters?
Genotype
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46 or 23 pair
The "rungs" of the DNA ladder are made of these.
What is a pair of bases?
Long ears are dominant (E) in rabbits. If one parent is homozygous dominant for the long ear trait and the other homozygous recessive (e), what is the only possible genotype of the offspring?
Ee