Hybridization
Shapes and Geometry
Sigma or Pi
Molecular Orbitals
Reactions
100
What hybridization corresponds to 2 electron groups?
sp
100
What is the electron geometry for 4 electron groups?
tetrahedral
100
What type of bond is always formed first between two atoms?
Sigma (σ) bond
100
What are the two main types of molecular orbitals formed from atomic orbitals?
bonding and antibonding
100
Write the balanced equation for the combustion of propane.
C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O
200
What hybridization does NH₃ have on its central atom?
sp³
200
What is the molecular geometry of SCl₂?
bent
200
What type of overlap forms a π bond?
Side-to-side overlap of p orbitals
200
What is the bond order formula for MO theory?
(Bonding – Antibonding electrons) / 2
200
What are the seven diatomic elements?
H₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, I₂
300
How many unhybridized p orbitals remain in an sp² atom?
1
300
What is the molecular geometry and bond angle of BF₃?
Trigonal planar, 120°
300
How many σ and π bonds are in a double bond?
1 σ and 1 π
300
Which has a shorter bond, N₂⁺ or N₂?
N₂
300
What is the mole ratio of N₂H₄ to N₂ in the reaction 2 N₂H₄ + N₂O₄ → 3 N₂ + 4 H₂O?
2:3
400
What is the hybridization of the central atom in PF₅?
sp³d
400
What is the geometry around the central atom in SF₄?
Seesaw
400
In the molecule C₂Cl₂, how many total π bonds are present?
2
400
Which N₂ species is paramagnetic: N₂, N₂⁺, or N₂²⁻?
N₂⁺
400
In a chemical reaction where a molecule goes from single to triple bonds, how does the hybridization of the involved atom change?
The atom’s hybridization changes from sp³ → sp (more s-character, shorter and stronger bonds).
500
Determine the hybridization of the central atom in IF₅.
sp³d²
500
For an sp³d² atom, name all possible molecular geometries.
Octahedral, square pyramidal, square planar
500
What orbitals overlap to form the C–O σ bond in ethanol?
sp³ (C) – sp³ (O) overlap
500
What does it mean if a molecule has a bond order of zero?
It is unstable and does not exist.
500
Write the balanced equation for the combustion of ethanol (C₂H₅OH).
C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O