Progressive Era
The information below identifies examples of the work of the muckrakers:
- Upton Sinclair exposed the unhealthy practices of Chicago's meat-packing plants.
- Ida Tarbell revealed the dishonest business tactics of Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company.
- Jacob Riis wrote How the Other Half Lives, showing the conditions of the residents of New York City tenements.
What was the impact of these muckraking activities during the early 1900s?
A. Society changed in response to their promotion of Social Darwinism,
B. Voters agreed to let the owners of Big Business create more profitable monopolies.
C. Reports of these works in publications abroad led to a sudden decrease in immigration.
D. Public reaction to their reports led to new laws addressing the abuses of industrialization.
D. Public reaction to their reports led to new laws addressing the abuses of industrialization.
Why is the Spanish-American War of 1898 often considered a major turning point in U.S. history?
A. It revealed that the United States had become a world power.
B. It marked the first American victory over a European power.
C. It demonstrated the need for better communications in wartime.
D. It showed American support for European economic interests in East Asia
A. It revealed that the United States had become a world power.
Which American city served as the main port of embarkation for the "Rough Riders" and other American forces sent to Cuba during the Spanish-American War?
A. New Orleans, Louisiana
B. Jacksonville, Florida
C. Galveston, Texas
D. Tampa, Florida
D. Tampa, Florida
The diagram below provides details about the origins of World War I.
Long-Term Causes of World War I in Europe:
- Nationalism
- ???
- Imperialism and Economic Rivalries
- Militarism
Which phrase completes the diagram?
A. Alliance System
B. Social Revolution
C. Drought and Famine
D. Worldwide Economic Depression
A. Alliance System
Which group of adult males, ages 21 to 30, was NOT required to perform active duty in the U.S. military during World War I?
A. African Americans
B. Conscientious objectors
C. People who opposed the war
D. American Indians with U.S. citizenship
B. Conscientious objectors
In 1913, Progressive leaders proposed a reduction in tariffs. How did they plan to make up for the loss of these revenues by the federal government?
A. reducing federal expenditures
B. introducing a new federal income tax
C. requiring contributions by state governments
D. having government ownership of some industries, such as electricity
B. introducing a new federal income tax
How did the Platt Amendment differ from the Teller Amendment?
A. The Platt Amendment promised that the United States would never intervene again in Cuba.
B. The Platt Amendment overturned the Teller Amendment by authorizing the United States to annex Cuba.
C. The Platt Amendment preserved Cuban independence but claimed the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.
D. The Platt Amendment promised that the United States would leave Cuba as soon as its independence from Spain was secured.
C. The Platt Amendment preserved Cuban independence but claimed the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.
11. What was an unfavorable impact of the construction of the Panama Canal?
A. The shortest water route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans was reduced by 8,000 nautical miles.
B. Colombia and other Latin American countries resented U.S. interference in the Panamanian revolt against Colombia.
C. Vast quantities of war materials and troops could now move quickly between the East and West Coasts of the United States in the event of war
D. Large numbers of ocean-going merchant vessels could pass through the canal annually, most of which were headed to or from U.S. ports.
B. Colombia and other Latin American countries resented U.S. interference in the Panamanian revolt against Colombia.
Which best describes how American women reacted to American participa tion in World War I?
A. Some protested but most supported the war effort and many filled men's jobs.
B. Because of a shortage of enlisted men, many women served in combat for the first time.
C. Women's continuing protests for women's suffrage dangerously impeded the war effort.
D. Large numbers of women were forced to move from their homes to meet wartime needs.
A. Some protested but most supported the war effort and many filled men's jobs.
What caused African-American demographic patterns in the United States to shift during World War I?
A. the closing of factories in the South
B. effects of the Civil Rights movement
C. greater job opportunities in Northern cities
D. the availability of cheap farmland in the North
C. greater job opportunities in Northern cities
Which woman reformer is correctly paired with her accomplishments?
A. Florence Kelley - helped to establish the American Red Cross
B. Carrie Chapman Catt - established first settlement house and wrote the Equal Rights Amendment
C. Ida Tarbell - wrote a book criticizing the Standard Oil Company in 1904, which led to its breakup
D. Alice Paul - became a close friend of Susan B. Anthony and succeeded her as President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association
C. Ida Tarbell - wrote a book criticizing the Standard Oil Company in 1904, which led to its breakup
Before 1898, most Americans had opposed imperialism. Why did imperialism suddenly become more popular in the United States by the end of the century?
A. Americans felt it was against the principles of democracy to rule over others.
B. Americans wanted to sell goods to new markets and buy raw materials for new industries.
C. Americans wanted to rule others because America had once been a British colony.
D. Americans feared imperialism would bring the United States into conflict with other powers.
B. Americans wanted to sell goods to new markets and buy raw materials for new industries.
After observing how the European great powers had carved out "spheres of influence" in
A. The United States would help the Boxers to overthrow foreign influence in China.
B. The United States and other foreign nations should enjoy equal trading rights in China.
C. The United States would help China to recover all of the lands taken by European powers.
D. The United States would blockade all Chinese ports if it was not given control of Hong Kong.
B. The United States and other foreign nations should enjoy equal trading rights in China.
Which federal agency created posters, printed pamphlets and made news reels to support America's war effort in 1917-1918?
A. Committee of Public Information
B. War Industries Board
C. Food Administration
D. War Labor Board
A. Committee of Public Information
Which sentence best describes the impact of World War I on Florida?
A. Governor Sidney J. Catts lifted the state's prohibition of alcoholic drinks during wartime.
B. Large numbers of Cubans moved to Florida to find work in America's wartime industries.
C. Military training centers were located in Florida, the state's farmers sold more crops, and a thousand Floridians gave their lives.
D. After fighting for democracy abroad, most Floridians became more willing to grant equal rights to African Americans at home.
C. Military training centers were located in Florida, the state's farmers sold more crops, and a thousand Floridians gave their lives.
The excerpt below was published in 1904 by Ida B. Tarbell in her book The History of the Standard Oil Company:
So long as Standard Oil Company can control transportation as it does today, it will remain master of the oil industry, and the people of the United States will pay for their indifference and folly in regard to transportation a good sound tax on oil, and they will yearly see an increasing concentration of natural resources and transportation systems in the Standard Oil crowd.
Which action took place in response to these criticisms?
A. The federal government purchased its own oil wells and refineries.
B. President Roosevelt filed a lawsuit to break up the Standard Oil Company.
C. The powers of the Interstate Commerce Act were extended to set railroad rates.
D. John D. Rockefeller sold all his shares in the Standard Oil Company to the public.
B. President Roosevelt filed a lawsuit to break up the Standard Oil Company.
1. Which provides the best evidence that Americans went to war with Spain in 1898 for humanitarian purposes?
A. Anti-imperialists feared colonies would eventually become a source of cheap labor.
B. Mark Twain said, "We do not intend to free but to subjugate the people of the Philippines."
C. President Cleveland had previously refused to annex Hawaii when U.S. landowners had overthrown Queen Liliuokalani by force.
D. Congress passed the Teller Amendment promising that the United States would not annex Cuba, even if it won the war.
D. Congress passed the Teller Amendment promising that the United States would not annex Cuba, even if it won the war.
The diagram below provides details about United States involvement in the Philippines during the early 1900s:
Spain Leaves Philippines under the Treaty of Paris.
???
United States Establishes Colonial Government in the Philippines.
Which sentence completes the diagram?
A. U.S. Senate refuses to annex the Philippines.
B. Filipino leaders invite the United States to annex the Philippines.
C. American businessmen overthrow the local ruler of the Philippines.
D. U.S. forces fight a three-year war against Filipino rebels seeking independence.
D. U.S. forces fight a three-year war against Filipino rebels seeking independence.
Which sentence describes the experiences of African-American soldiers during World War I?
A. They were unable to engage in combat because of racial prejudice.
B. They successfully persuaded the government to desegregate the army.
C. They were segregated but many engaged in combat under French command.
D. They were treated as equals with ample opportunity for advancement through the ranks.
C. They were segregated but many engaged in combat under French command.
Which was NOT one of President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points?
A. creation of an independent Poland
B. lenient treatment of the Central Powers
C. creation of a peace-keeping association of nations
D. autonomous development for the peoples of Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire
B. lenient treatment of the Central Powers
6. The information below describes the position of a city manager:
In the city-manager form of municipal government, an elected city council hires a city manager. The city manager is an expert in public administration who runs city services.
What was a DISADVANTAGE of this new form of city government?
A. City government became more efficient than before.
B. The city manager was not directly responsible to the electorate.
C. Experts with special training in public administration ran the city.
D. The influence of political machines on city government was reduced.
B. The city manager was not directly responsible to the electorate.
The excerpt below is from a speech by Senator Albert J. Beveridge to the U.S. Senate on January 9, 1900:
Mr. President, the times call for [honesty]. The Philippines are ours forever, "territory belonging to the United States," as the Constitution calls them. And just beyond the Philippines are China's [unlimited] markets. We will not retreat from either. We will not repudiate our duty in the archipelago. We will not abandon our opportunity in the Orient.
Based on this speech, what conclusion can be made about the views of American imperialists in 1900?
A. They intended to spread the democratic form of government to China.
B. They feared the growing economic and naval power of the Japanese Empire.
C. They believed that the Constitution required U.S. acquisition of the Philippines.
D. They saw the Philippines as a useful base for increasing American trade with East Asia.
D. They saw the Philippines as a useful base for increasing American trade with East Asia.
How did Cuban Americans living in Florida play an important role in the outbreak of the Spanish-American War?
A. They warned American leaders not to go to war with Spain.
B. They moved cigar-making operations from Cuba to Florida.
C. They criticized articles in the "yellow press" for being too one-sided.
D. They contributed money to Cuban rebels who were fighting against Spain.
D. They contributed money to Cuban rebels who were fighting against Spain.
The excerpt below is from Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes' opinion in Schenck v. United States (1919):
The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent.
Based on the excerpt, with which statement would Oliver Wendell Holmes have agreed?
A. Freedom of speech is not absolute.
B. Prayer in public schools is unconstitutional.
C. Immigration from other countries cannot be permitted during wartime.
D. Criticism of the policies of allied countries must be temporarily prohibited in wartime.
A. Freedom of speech is not absolute.
Why did the United States Senate fail to ratify the Treaty of Versailles in 1919?
A. Many Senators opposed the severe sanctions that the treaty placed on Germany.
B. Many Senators feared the League of Nations would involve the United States in foreign wars.
C. Many Senators felt the League of Nations would interfere with American plans in the Philippines.
D. Many Senators predicted that membership in the new League of Nations would be too expensive.
B. Many Senators feared the League of Nations would involve the United States in foreign wars.