Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds
In a covalent bond, electrons are _______.
Shared
What shape do diatomic molecules take on?
Linear
What is a polar bond?
A bond where electrons are shared unequally between atoms
What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms bonded covalently
What is a chemical bond?
The force that holds two atoms together
What causes certain molecules to take on a "bent" shape?
Unshared pairs of electrons push the shared pairs away from themselves
What determines which atom electrons in a polar bond will be closer to?
The electronegativities of the atoms in the molecule. An atom with a higher electronegativity will hold electrons closer to itself.
What are the 7 atoms which form diatomic molecules?
Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine
What is the difference between a structural formula and a molecular formula?
A structural formula shows the orientation of the molecule in 3D space, as well as the way that atoms in the molecule bond. A molecular formula uses chemical symbols and subscripts to show the exact quantities of each element in a molecule.
What orientation would the molecule phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) take on?
Trigonal bipyramidal
What are two general rules for determining whether a molecule is polar or non-polar?
2. The same atoms around a central atom will always be non-polar.
What is an alloy?
A mixture of elements that has metallic properties
What is the name for an ionic compound which conducts electricity when in an aqueous solution?
An electrolyte
What does VSEPRT stand for?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory
Polar
What is the difference between an endothermic reaction and an exothermic reaction?
An endothermic reaction is a reaction where a greater amount of energy is necessary to break the existing bonds than is released when new bonds form in the products. An exothermic reaction is a reaction where a greater amount of energy is released during product bond formation than is required to break bonds in the reactants.
What is lattice energy?
The energy required to separate 1 mole of the ions of an ionic compound
What are the six different shapes a molecule can take on (that we have learned of)?
Linear, bent, trigonal planar, pyramid, tetrahedral, and trigonal bipyramidal.
What is the symbol used to represent a partial charge?
Lowercase delta
What is an oxyanion?
A polyatomic ion composed of an element bonded to one or more oxygen atoms