Difference at work
What does it mean to say "difference is socially constructed"?
A. It’s created through historical, political, and communicative processes.
B. It's biologically fixed
C. It reflects natural personality traits.
A. It’s created through historical, political, and communicative processes.
What type of bias operates unconsciously and automatically?
A. Implicit Bias
B. Intentional Bias
C. Personal Preference
A. Implicit Bias
A set of meanings, feelings, and beliefs attached to a product.
A. Brand
B. Product
C. Logo
A. Brand
Edward Bernays argued that branding shapes these societal aspects.
A. Social media
B. Public opinion and habits
C. Politics and government
B. Public opinion and habits
What term describes the invisible standard by which other identities are judged?
A. Diversity
B. Inclusion
C. Whiteness
C. Whiteness
Which type of microaggression involves denying someone’s experience?
A. Microassault
B. Passive aggression
C. Microinvalidation
C. Microinvalidation
The 1945-1980 branding phase focused on promoting to this lifestyle ideal.
A. Standardized, middle-class lifestyle
B. Individualism
C. Luxury branding
A. Standardized, middle-class lifestyle
In the 1990s and beyond, brands started acting as this, reflecting customers' identities and values.
A. Institution
B. Product
C. Commodity
A. Institution
What concept involves the overlapping impact of race, gender, class, etc., in organizations?
A. Intersectionality
B. Bias awareness
C. Organizational hierarchy
A. Organizational hierarchy
What’s the difference between prejudice and discrimination?
A. Prejudice is only against race; discrimination is against class.
B. Prejudice is a belief or attitude; discrimination is action.
C. There is no real difference—they’re the same.
B. Prejudice is a belief or attitude; discrimination is action.
In the 1980s, branding focused on authenticity and catering to specific groups, known as this type of marketing.
A. Mass Marketing
B. Niche marketing
C. Luxury marketing
B. Niche marketing
What does “communicative labor” refer to?
A. The emotional toll of responding to microaggressions.
B. The everyday talk and practices that maintain systems of difference
C. The amount of effort spent networking for inclusion.
B. The everyday talk and practices that maintain systems of difference
What makes exclusionary behaviors damaging in the workplace?
A. They harm well-being, belonging, and work attitudes.
B. They are easy to identify and report.
C. They create more competition and ambition.
A. They harm well-being, belonging, and work attitudes.
The concept of "lovemarks," or brands people are emotionally attached to, was introduced by this person.
A. Edward Bernays
B. David Ogilvy
C. Kevin Roberts
C. Kevin Roberts
Why might a non-drinker be judged unfairly in some workplaces?
A. They're perceived as not being a team player.
B. They're seen as overly healthy.
C. They're considered not ambitious.
A. They're perceived as not being a team player.
What is a sign of true inclusion in an organization?=
A. All employees dress the same to represent unity.
B. Employees feel safe expressing their identities and have influence in decisions.
C. Leaders avoid talking about differences to prevent conflict.
B. Employees feel safe expressing their identities and have influence in decisions.
This approach to marketing aimed to make housewives feel more glamorous by solving problems like bad breath and wrinkles.
A. Unique selling proposition
B. Mass production
C. Floating signifier
A. Unique selling proposition