Isotopes, Ions and pH oh my!
It's all elemental
Let's bond together
What's up with water?
Pot luck
100

An atom has 9 protons, 9 neutrons and 10 electrons. What is it's charge?

negative 1 

100

Which subatomic particles have mass?

protons and neutrons

100
Define intermolecular and intramolecular bonds.

Intermolecular bonds are bonds that form between two different molecules.  

Intramolecular bonds are the bonds that form between atoms within a molecule.

100

What type of bonds make up an individual water molecule?

Polar covalent

100

Please list at least 6 characteristics of life.

Made up of cells/is organized

Contain DNA

Obtain and use energy (metabolism)

Reproduce

Respond to stimuli

Maintain an internal balance (homeostasis)

Grow and develop

Evolve as a population

200
Carbon 14 is heavier than carbon 12. What is this called AND what accounts for the difference?

isotope

the number of neutrons

200

Assuming carbon is neutral, how many VALENCE electrons does it have?

4

200

Carbon's atomic number is 6.  How many covalent bonds can it form with hydrogen?

4

200

Explain why water forms a dome on a penny.

Water is cohesive, meaning it sticks together creating surface tension.

200

Your blood pH must remain within a narrow range or you will become very sick and die.  What do you have in your blood that helps resist changes in pH?

Buffers (or specifically bicarbonate ions in our blood)

300

You stumble across a liquid with a pH of 3.  Would you describe this as an acid, base or neutral?

acid

300

Phosphorous has an atomic number of 15 and atomic mass of 31.  How many neutrons does it contain?

16

300

Sodium has 7 valence electrons. Chlorine has 1 valence electron.  What type of bond forms NaCl (sodium chloride)?

ionic

300

About 70% of earth's surface is covered by water.  How does this help moderate the temperature of earth?

Water has a high specific heat meaning it takes a lot of energy to change its temperature.  Therefore, water can absorb a lot of heat helping to keep Earth cool. 

300

Balance the chemical equation below

CH4 + 2O2  -->   CO2 + ___H2O

CH4 + 2O2  -->   CO2 + __2_H2O

400

Phenolphthalein is an indicator for __________.

A base

400

Radon has 8 electrons in its outer shell.

True or false: Radon is highly reactive.

False

400

Oxygen is a significantly more electronegative atom than hydrogen.  What type of bond forms between these?

Polar covalent

400

Why does ice float?

Molecules slow down at colder temperatures.  When water molecules slow down, it stabilizes the hydrogen bonds creating a lattice structure which is less dense than liquid water.
400

You have a sore throat and your mom tells you to gargle with warm salt water.  You begrudgingly add salt to the water and watch it become a murky solution.  The salt is a ___________ and the water is a _____________. 

solute, solvent

500

An isotope has a half life of 6 hours.  What percentage will be left after 24 hours?

6.25%

500

What makes each element unique and different from others?

The number of protons

500

Explain how a gecko can walk up a glass wall.

Electrons are always moving so there is a weak charge that temporarily appears on surfaces.  Geckos feet are made with setae which increase the surface area connected to the glass wall. There is enough surface area to make weak Van der Waals forces strong enough to hold the gecko.

500

Why is water a great solvent?

The partial charges on the molecule help to disrupt bonds of other molecules.

500

True or False:

Nonpolar covalent bonds result in partially charged atoms on a molecule.

False

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