LandMark Cases
This 1954 case declared school segregation unconstitutional.
What is Brown V. Board of Education
The idea that law can both fight racism and protect racial privilege.
What is the "double-edged sword" of Civil Rights.
Charter schools are mostly located in these types of districts.
What are Low income, Urban districts.
The Primary funding source for public schools.
What is local Property tax.
Integration increased most during this decade due to court enforcement.
What art the late 1960's to 1970's
This case required districts to eliminate segregation “root and branch.”
What is Green V. New Kent
The belief that racial segregation still shapes schools even when laws change.
What is Structural Racism.
About 70% of Black charter school students attend schools that are this racially concentrated.
What are 90-100% minority schools.
The highest spending districts spend ________ more than the lowest-spending districts.
After 1988, the percentage of Black students in majority-white schools did this.
What is declined
This case approved busing to help integrate schools.
What is Swan V Charlotte-Mecklenburg
When white families leave urban districts to avoid integration.
What is White flight.
Most charter schools perform this way compared to traditional public schools.
What is about the same or worse.
Widens as the level of poverty increases.
What is the gap between what is spent on each student and the amount required for students to achieve at the national level.
The article uses this theoretical lens to analyze law and race.
This 1974 case prevented urban districts from forcing suburban districts to integrate with them.
What is Milliken V. Bradley
The six areas districts had to fix to prove they eliminated segregation.
What is the Green Standard.
Charter schools are less likely than traditional public schools to have these resources.
What are Libraries, gyms, advanced courses, and extracurriculars.
Decides the funding formula for public schools.
What is the State Government.
The federal government promoted charter schools through this reauthorization.
What is No Child Left Behind (and later ESSA)
These 1990s cases allowed districts to be released from desegregation orders.
What is Dowell, Freeman V. Pitts, and Missouri V. Jenkins
The idea that progress for people of color only happens when it also benefits white interests.
What is White interest convergence.
The article argues charter schools may represent a return to this.
What is separate and unequal schooling.
Leads to budget cuts that disproportionately impact students in higher poverty districts.
What is a recession
According to the article, “choice” can give families this feeling, even if structural inequality remains.
What is a false sense of empowerment