Logical Fallacies
Attacking the person instead of their argument
Ad Hominem
I love chocolate, ______ I eat chocolate candy whenever I can. (although / so / but)
So
A doctor with 15 years of experience recommends this treatment.
Ethos
Her voice was as smooth as silk
simile
a book about C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien
Compare and Contrast
Misrepresenting someone's position to make it easier to attack
Straw Man
The test was really hard. ______, only five students passed it. (Therefore / Then / However)
Therefore
Imagine how frustrated you'd feel if your hard work went unnoticed.
Pathos
The world is a stage
metaphor
manual describing how to set up your new
computer
chronological order
Presenting only two options when more exist
False Dilemma
Ben needs to go to bed early. ______, he will be late for school. (Although / Otherwise / Despite)
Otherwise
Studies show that 82% of students perform better when they have natural light in the classroom.
Logos
The old house groaned under the weight of the storm.
personification
an essay about how to prevent teenagers from
joining gangs
problem and solution
Everyone else is doing it, so you should too
Bandwagon
First, you have to answer the questions; ______ you hand in your paper. (next / then / but)
Then
According to recent data, schools that updated their libraries saw a 25% increase in student reading scores within one year. Additionally, students who read regularly are more likely to graduate and pursue higher education. Investing in library resources is a practical and proven way to improve academic success.
Logos
The sweet aroma of fresh bread filled the kitchen.
Imagery
a pamphlet describing the various health problems
associated with cigarette smoking
cause and effect
Claiming one event will lead to extreme consequences
Slippery Slope
______ it was raining, I didn't walk my dog this evening. (Because / Before / Although)
Because
As a teacher with over fifteen years of experience in the classroom, I have worked with hundreds of students from all backgrounds. I have seen firsthand how access to books can transform a student’s confidence and ability. Because of this experience, I strongly recommend that our school invest in expanding the library’s resources.
Ethos
I have a million things to do.
hyperbole
a recipe explaining how to prepare apple strudel
chronological order