CHAT — POLI100 Midterm Review — Practice 4

Founding

100

According to Locke, legitimate government gets its authority from this agreement of the people it governs.

What is the consent of the governed?

Reference: Lecture 2, slide 16; Lecture 3, slides 5–6

200

Britain passed these punitive 1774 measures, including closing Boston’s port, in response to the Boston Tea Party.

What are the Intolerable Acts?

Reference: Lecture 3, slide 15

300

Madison proposed dividing the legislature into two chambers to restrain its dominant power. This arrangement has this name.

What is bicameralism?

Reference: Lecture 5, slide 7

400

Amending the Articles of Confederation required approval from this many of the thirteen states.

What is all thirteen states (unanimous approval)?

Reference: Lecture 4, slide 8

500

In Federalist 10, a large republic reduces the likelihood of an oppressive majority by increasing the variety of these two things.

What are parties and interests?

Reference: Lecture 5, slide 18; Federalist 10

Federalism

100

This system divides governing powers among national and state governments, with some powers shared.

What is federalism?

Reference: Lecture 6, slide 21

200

This Article VI clause makes valid federal law take precedence over conflicting state law.

What is the Supremacy Clause?

Reference: Lecture 5, slide 22

300

This Article I clause authorizes Congress to pass laws needed to carry out its enumerated powers.

What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?

Reference: Lecture 5, slides 22–24

400

Article I, Section 10 prohibits a state from producing its own currency through this monetary activity.

What is coining money?

Reference: Lecture 7, slide 7

500

Under the most common amendment route, these fractions are needed to propose an amendment in each chamber of Congress and to ratify it through state legislatures.

What are two-thirds of each congressional chamber and three-fourths of state legislatures?

Reference: Lecture 11, slide 16

Legislative Branch

100

This officer presides over the House and helps decide which bills reach the floor and when.

Who is the Speaker of the House?

Reference: Lecture 8, slides 10–11

200

This U.S. executive officer is also president of the Senate and may vote there to break a tie.

Who is the vice president?

Reference: Lecture 8, slide 14

300

This Senate procedure ends a filibuster on legislation and generally requires sixty votes.

What is cloture?

Reference: Lecture 9, slide 16

400

Experts and affected citizens testify about a proposed bill during this committee stage, which comes before markup.

What are public hearings?

Reference: Lecture 9, slide 9

500

These are the minimum age and years of U.S. citizenship required for a House member, who must also reside in the represented state.

What are age 25 and at least seven years of citizenship?

Reference: Lecture 8, slide 5

Executive Branch

100

This presidential power grants clemency for federal offenses, but does not apply to state crimes or impeachment.

What is the pardon power?

Reference: Lecture 11, slide 6

200

The Constitution assigns the formal power to declare war to this branch of government.

What is the legislative branch (Congress)?

Reference: Lecture 11, slide 12

300

This amendment provides a process for transferring presidential powers when a president is unable to discharge the duties of office.

What is the Twenty-Fifth Amendment?

Reference: Lecture 13, slide 9

400

Under Section 4 of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment, these officials can initially declare the president unable to serve, making the vice president Acting President.

Who are the vice president and a majority of the Cabinet?

Reference: Lecture 13, slide 9

500

Article II lists these two named offenses, followed by the broader category of high crimes and misdemeanors, as grounds for impeachment.

What are treason and bribery?

Reference: Lecture 12, slide 16

Judicial Branch

100

This power allows courts to invalidate a law or official act because it conflicts with the Constitution.

What is judicial review?

Reference: Lecture 13, slide 12

200

A case involving the U.S. Constitution or federal law raises this kind of question, establishing a basis for federal jurisdiction.

What is a federal question?

Reference: Lecture 13, slide 13

300

Besides U.S. courts of appeals, these highest courts in each state can send cases involving a federal question to the U.S. Supreme Court.

What are state supreme courts (a state’s highest court)?

Reference: Lecture 13, slide 22; Lecture 14, slide 4

400

Hamilton’s argument that permanent judicial appointments protect judges from pleasing appointing officials or chasing popularity is known by this name.

What is the independence argument?

Reference: Lecture 14, slide 20; Federalist 78

500

Jefferson rejected the idea that judges are uniquely trustworthy constitutional interpreters because they share other people’s passions for these two things.

What are party and power?

Reference: Lecture 14, slide 16. He also mentioned the privileges of their own professional body.