Causes of WWI
The spark that directly triggered the outbreak of World War I
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Known as one of the bloodiest battles in human history, this 1916 slaughter resulted in over 57,000 Allied casualties on day one alone
The Battle of the Somme
Government-issued bonds that citizens bought to help finance Canada's war effort
Victory Bonds
The official name given to Canada’s overseas military personnel (soldiers and nurses)
Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF)
A country's commitment to developing and maintaining a strong military force
Militarism
The alliance that included Canada during World War I
Triple Entente
The major battle where chemical weapons (poison gas) were first used on Canadian troops
The 2nd Battle of Ypres
This massive 1917 disaster in Nova Scotia was the largest human-made explosion prior to the atomic bomb
The Halifax Explosion
The legendary Indigenous sniper who was one of Canada's most decorated soldiers of WWI
Francis Pegahmagabow
Formal agreements made between two or more nations to help each other if needed
Alliances
The Serbian nationalist group responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The Black Hand
This major 1917 Canadian victory involved all four divisions fighting together for the first time and is seen as a defining moment for Canada
The Battle of Vimy Ridge
The 1917 legislation that allowed Canadian soldiers and nurses serving overseas to vote in national elections
Military Voters Act
The British nurse executed by German forces during the war for helping Allied troops escape
Edith Cavell
Increased pride in one’s nation and country's accomplishments
Nationalism
The German plan to quickly invade France by marching through neutral Belgium
The Schlieffen Plan
A brutal battle fought in extreme, knee-deep mud where over 15,000 Canadians died to capture 7km of land that was quickly recaptured by the Germans later
The Battle of Passchendaele
This legislation granted the vote to female relatives of soldiers while stripping voting rights from "enemy aliens"
Wartime Elections Act
Canada’s all-Black military unit during World War I
No. 2 Construction Battalion
The policy of extending control over territories and building an empire
Imperialism
Name all four "M-A-I-N" long-term causes of World War I
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism
The final push during the last months of the war where Canadian forces led a series of successful offensives against German lines
The 100 Days Campaign
The compulsory (manditory) enlistment of military service introduced in Canada in 1917 that caused deep political and social divisions
Conscription
During WWI, immigrants from enemy countries (such as Germans and Ukrainians) living in Canada were labeled as this
"Enemy Aliens"
The forced imprisonment or detention of designated groups during wartime
Internment