MATTER AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS
what is the difference between a chemical property and a physical property?
A chemical property can only be revealed by changing a substance's chemical identity. A physical property does not change the composition of matter.
what are the three components in an atom and what are their charges?
proton, positive
neutron, neutral
electron, negative
The _____ shell is involved in the bonding of atoms
valence
What is the suffix on the anion in an ionic compound?
-ide
explain the difference between ionic and covalent bonds
Ionic bonds are held together by the transfer of electrons, covalent bonds are held together by the sharing of electrons
a substance that cannot be broken down any further
what is an element
what is the difference between atomic mass and atomic number?
atomic mass is neutrons+protons; atomic number is number of protons
what are the different orbital subshell names?
s, p, d, f
the correct name for PCl5 is monophosphorus tetrachloride. True or false?
false, its phosphorus pentachloride
covalent bonds are formed by ____ and ionic bonds are formed by _____
nonmetals/sharing electrons
cations and anions/ transferring electrons
what is the formula for density
mass divided by volume
an atom with a different number of protons and electrons creates what?
an ion (cation or anion)
the number of valence electrons is the same as the _____ on the periodic table
group number
what is the formula for ammonium nitrite?
NH4NO2
what are the three VSEPR molecular geometries? (covered in this class only)
linear, trigonal planar, and tetrahedral
what is the trend for electronegativity?
increasing from left to right and bottom to top. (fluorine is highest)
what is an isotope?
atoms with the same atomic number and different atomic mass. (different numbers of neutrons)
all electrons want to fulfill the octet rule. True or false?
True!
what is the formula for sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
If ammonia has one lone pair and water has two lone pairs, then why do they both have tetrahedral molecular shape?
They are both tetrahedral because they both have four things around the central atom; it doesn't matter if they lone pairs or bonded atoms.
atoms, compounds, and molecules are all the same thing. True or false?
False- molecules are made out of atoms and compounds are made out of molecules
how does the size of an atom relate to the electronegativity trend?
If a more electronegative atom wants its electrons more, then it will be more compact/smaller because the electrons are taking up less space. As electronegativity increases, atomic size decreases.
When we write electron configurations, why do we jump from writing 3p to 4s then back to 3d?
Looking at the periodic table, 4s comes before 3d so we write it after 4s. 4s has a lower energy level to be filled before 3d
what is the correct name for Pb(CH3CO2)4?
lead (IV) acetate
What makes a bond polar? Define polarity.
Dipole moments between atoms in a molecule create polarity. It means one or more atoms are more electronegative, meaning they draw the electrons towards it. This creates a partial negative and positive charge on the molecule