Anything from Chapters 4-6
What is Avogadro's number?
(10 points bonus for also giving a definition)
6.022*10^23
(What is one mole of anything?)
What are the approximate masses of protons, neutrons and electrons in amu?
Protons: 1.0073 amu
Electrons: 0.00055 amu
Neutrons: 1.0087 amu
What are the main group elements and transition elements/metals?
Main group elements are located in the taller "blocks" and transition elements/metals are located in the middle (between the main group elements)
Pure substances can be split into two categories, which can then be further broken down. Draw a map of this on the board.
(50 points bonus for determining what type of matter air is)
Pure substances --> Elements --> Atomic and Molecular
Pure substances --> Compounds --> Molecular and Ionic
(What is a heterogeneous mixture?)
What is the definition of an ion and what is the difference between a cation and an anion?
(Bonus for naming a polyatomic cation)
What is a particle formed from an atom losing or gaining electrons?
Cations are positively charged ions that lose electrons (mostly metals)
Anions are negatively charged ions that gain electrons (usually nonmetals)
(Bonus: NH4+)
The nucleus contains what particles
Where are protons and neutrons located?
Main group elements are in columns labeled with what? (Bonus if you can also identify column labels for transition elements)
A number and a letter A
(Transition element columns are labeled with a number and a letter B)
______ is defined as all samples of a given compound have the same proportions of their constituent elements.
What is the Law of Constant Composition?
Define what an isotope is and describe how you would calculate the number of particles within (electrons, protons, neutrons).
What is an atom that contains the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons? Or what is an atom with the same atomic number but different mass?
Protons: atomic number
Neutrons: atomic mass-atomic number OR atomic mass-number of protons
Electrons: equal to the number of protons if neutral
Unit defined as one-twelfth of the mass of a carbon atom containing 6 protons and 6 neutrons
What is the atomic mass unit (amu)?
The modern periodic table's elements are organized (bonus if you can name how Mendeleev organized the periodic table in the late 1800s)
In order of increasing atomic number
Mendeleev listed elements in order of increasing relative mass
List the three types of chemical formulas and define them (100 points bonus if you also name and define the other ways we learned can represent compounds)
What is an empirical formula? The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
What is a molecular formula? The actual number of atoms of each element in a compound
What is a structural formula? Uses lines to represent chemical bonds and shows how atoms in a molecule are connected to each other
(What is a molecular model? Three-dimensional representation of a molecule. Two models we learned about are ball-and-stick model where a ball and a bond is represented with a stick and space-filling model where atoms - often represented as spheres - fill the space between each other to more closely represent how a molecule might appear if we could scale it to a visible size)
How do you calculate formula mass and molar mass? And what is the different between formulas mass and molar mass?
(# of atoms of 1st element in chemical formula * atomic mass of 1st element) + (# of atoms of 2nd element in chemical formula * atomic mass of 2nd element) + ...
Formula mass is measured in amu and molar mass is measured in g/mol (units!)
Describe an atom (density, volume).
Mostly empty space with a dense nucleus located in the center
Nucleus is very dense and make up majority of an atom's mass but only occupies a very small portion of the volume
Electrons distributed outside nucleus in large region that's mostly empty space
What are the names of the following families: 1A, 2A, 7A, 6A? (20 point bonus if you can identify which families are more likely to gain/lose electrons)
What are the Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases?
(Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth Metals tend to lose electrons. Halogens and Noble Gases tend to gain electrons.)
Define the following: atomic elements, molecular elements, molecular compounds, and ionic compounds.
(100 points bonus for writing examples on the board)
Atomic elements: single atoms are their basic units
Molecular elements: exist as diatomic molecules, or two atoms of that element bonded together
Molecular compounds: composed of two or more nonmetals; basic units are molecules composed of the constituent atoms
Ionic compounds: composed of one or more cations paired with one or more anions; in most cases, cations are metals and anions are nonmetals; basic unit is the formula unit (smallest electrically neutral collection of ions)
Write the formula for calculating average atomic mass on the board and the two symbols for writing an isotope.
Atomic mass = (fraction of isotope 1 * mass of isotope 1) + (fraction of isotope 2 * mass of isotope 2) + ...
(Symbols will be drawn on the board by SI-PASS Leader)
What are the three parts of Rutherford's nuclear theory?
1) Most of the atom's mass is empty space through which the tiny, negatively charged electrons are dispersed
2) Most of the volume of the atom is empty space through which the tiny, negatively charged electrons are dispersed
3) There are as many negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus as there are positively charged particles (protons) inside the nucleus, so that the atom is electrically neutral
The periodic table can be organized in the following three categories: metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. List at least two properties for each.
Metals: good conductors of heat and electricity; can be pounded into flat sheets (malleability); can be drawn into wires (ductility); often shiny; tend to lose electrons when they undergo chemical changes
Nonmetals: more varied states (some are solids at room temperature and others are gases); tend to be poor conductors of heat and electricity; tend to gain electrons when they undergo chemical changes
Metalloids: also called semiconductors because of their intermediate electrical conductivity which can be changed and controlled; useful in the manufacture of the electronic devices that are central to technological gadgets
On the board, draw the basic formulas for writing the following types of compounds:
1) Binary ionic compounds containing a metal that forms only one type of cation
2) Binary ionic compounds containing a metal that forms more than one type of cation
3) Molecular compounds
(100 points bonus for also drawing the formulas for writing compounds containing polyatomic ions)
1) Name of cation (metal) + Base name of anion (nonmetal) + -ide
2) Name of cation (metal) + (Charge of cation (metal) in roman numerals in parentheses) + Base name of anion (nonmetal) + -ide
3) Prefix + Name of 1st element + Prefix + Base name of 2nd element + -ide
Bonus: Name of cation (metal or polyatomic cation) + Name of polyatomic anion
OR
Name of cation (metal) + (Charge of cation (metal) in roman numerals in parentheses) + Name of polyatomic anion