Terminology
Expanded octet
The elements that can access a higher energy orbital to have more than the octet rule.
H2O
Polar - Bent
O2
Paramagnetic
B.O = 2
Avogadro's Law
V1/n1 = V2/n2
If a gas inside an elastic container is heated to twice its initial temperature, by how much would the volume have increased? (Assume constant pressure and moles of gas).
Doubled
Delocalizing electrons
Resonance, electrons that can move about.
SF6
Non-polar - octahedral
F2
Diamagnetic
B.O. = 1
Ideal gas law
PV=nRT
Deviations from the ideal gas law occur at what kind of temperatures and pressure?
Low temp and high pressure.
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure
Total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of each gas molecule involved.
POCl3 (P is central atom)
Polar - tetrahedral
LiF
Diamagnetic
B.O = 2
Bond order
B.O = 1/2(bonding - anti-bonding)
We know that carbon can create up to 4 bonds, but when looking at the electron configuration of carbon, there are only 2 electrons available for forming bonds. How can this be?
Valence bond theory, hybridization of s orbital and p orbitals to form sp3 hybrid orbitals.
Hybrid Orbitals
Orbitals created from the fusing of nonequivalent orbitals.
SF4
Polar - seesaw
CO
Diamagnetic
B.O. = 3
Formal charge
FC = Valence electron - lone pairs - 1/2(bonding electron)
If a French perfume has a molar mass of 136.0g/mol and hydrogen sulfer (H2S) has a molar mass of 34.08g/mol, which one will diffuse faster and by how much?
H2S will diffuse about 2 times faster than the French perfume.
Mole Fraction
The amount of that specific "something" (n) divided by the total amount in the overall compound/molecule.
C2H2Br2
Trigonal planar
Cis isomer: polar
Trans isomer: non-polar
NO
Paramagnetic
B.O = 2.5
Diffusion
(r1/r2)2 = M2/M1
If the pressure of a gas sample is quadrupled and the absolute temperature is doubled, by what factor does the volume of the sample change?
Half (1/2)