One Word Answers
Consists of a small nucleus with a positive charge containing most of the weight. Has an electron cloud with mostly empty space but some electrons as well
The atom
Mass number is....
Sum of protons and neutrons
Orbitals are characterized by a set of quantum numbers: ___, ___, and ___.
n, l, m
Y rays
Around 10^24-20 HZ (Frequency)
Around 10^-16 to -12 M (Wavelength)
Node
An area of 0 electron density.
The chemical identity of the element
Protons
Atomic mass (Under element on PT) represents...
An average of the atomic masses of common isotopes
Angular momentum quantum number (l)
l=0=s
l=1=p
l=2=d
l=3=f
Ultra violet
Around 10^16 HZ (Frequency)
Around 10^-8 M (Wavelength)
orbital
The probability of a wave function.
Sum of protons and neutrons
Mass number
Molecule formation occurs in an attempt to...
complete an octet for both atoms
Describe the P orbital shape
Lobed with a node at the origin.
Think of a dumbbell, with a positive and a negative side.
X rays
Around 10^18 HZ (Frequency)
Around 10^-10 M (Wavelength)
Aufbau principle
Orbitals are filled in order of increasing energy, not increasing n. Therefore, 3d is filled after 4s, not 3p
Transition metals have multiple types of _____
cations
When electrons move from one energy level to another...
light is emitted or absorbed in discrete amounts and are seen as lines in a spectra
We fill orbitals in order of increasing energy, not n. Therefore, we fill in this order:
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, 8s.
Long radio waves
Around 10^4-0 HZ (Frequency)
Around 10^4-8 M (Wavelength)
Ionization energy is
the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion, and requires an input of energy. The greater the ability of an atom to "hold on" to it's electrons, the higher the ionization energy
An elements with the same number of protons but different neurons and therefore different atomic masses (12^C, 13^C, 14^C)
Isotope
energy ______ as n _______
increases, increases
If n= 3 what can l, ml, and the subshell(s) be?
l= 0, 1, or 2
s= s, p, or d
ml=-2, -1, 0, 1, or 2
Order of electromagnetic spectrum (low to high wavelength)
y rays, x rays, ultra violet, visible spectrum, infrared, microwaves, radio waves, long radio waves.
Hund's rule
The orbitals in a degenerate series (such as 2p) must each have an electron before any of them can have two and the electrons in one must have opposite spin