Chapters 1 and 2
Chapter 3
Chapters 4 and 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
100
Explain the difference between potential and kinetic energy.
Potential energy is the energy stored in an object and kinetic energy is the energy of an object in motion.
100
When wavelength decreases, how does this affect frequency?
Increases
100
What is the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?
Ionic bonds involve the attraction between anions and cations. Covalent bonds share electrons equally.
100
Define the term polarizability. How does it relate to Zeff and atomic radius?
Polarizability is the ease with which the electron cloud in a molecule ion or atom can be distorted. The larger the atomic radius, the lower the Zeff, and the more polarizable the atom.
100
Balance the following equation: S + O2 --> SO3
2, 3, 2
200
R. A. Millikan figured out a brilliant way to measure this constant, by suspending charged oil droplets between two oppositely charged plates. What is this constant called?
The charge of an electron, with a value of 1.602 E-19 C.
200
Which has a shorter wavelength, x-rays or radiowaves?
X-rays
200
Explain what the continuum of chemical bonding is?
The continuum of chemical bonding beans that chemical bonds can be thought of as always laying somewhere on a scale between a perfectly ionic situation and a perfectly covalent situation.
200
Explain why H2O has a higher boiling point than CH4.
CH4 can only interact via dispersion forces, whereas H2O can experience both dispersion forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonds are much stronger than dispersion forces.
200
Balance the following equation: NH4NO3 --> N2 + O2 + H2O
2, 2, 1, 4
300
What is Z and what is A?
Z is the atomic number (number of protons) A is the atomic mass (number of protons plus neutrons)
300
Define the following terms: electronegativity, electron affinity, ionization energy.
Electronegativity is how much a neutral atom wants an electron. Electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to an isolated atom in the gas state. Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom.
300
How does bond length relate to bond dissociation energies? Explain.
The shorter the bond length, the greater the bond dissociation energy. For shorter bond lengths, the atom is more tightly held together, meaning you need more energy to separate the two atoms.
300
Describe how soap can dissolve oil.
Soap molecules form a cage around non-polar molecules (oil) and allow them to be dissolved. Like dissolve like. Forms a Miscelle around the oil drops.
300
Balance the following equation: Fe2O3 + CO --> Fe + CO2
1, 3, 2, 3
400
Explain how atomic mass and molar mass are different.
Atomic mass is defined as 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12. Molar mass is exactly one mole of any element which is numerically equal to its atomic weight.
400
Using Rydberg's equation, changing n2 to 3 and and n1 to 4 gives a spectral line with a wavelength that lies in what region of the electromagnetic spectrum? What is the wavelength in m?
Infared Wavelength is 1.875 x 10^-6 m
400
What is the difference between an aldehyde and a ketone? What kind of group do each contain?
Aldehydes are found at the end of a molecule, ketones are found in the middle. They both contain a carbonyl group.
400
Draw and label a components of the phase diagram of a substance. (Label solid, liquid, gas, supercritical fluid, triple point, and critical point).
Look at diagram.
400
How many grams of O2 are consumed during the complete combustion of 1.00 g of butane, C4H10?
3.58 g
500
What are the names of groups 1, 2, 7, and 8. What names of periods 6 and 7?
Group 1: Alkali Earth Metals Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals Group 7: Halogens Group 8: Noble Gases Period 6: Lanthanides Period 7: Actinides
500
Is it easier or harder to remove an electron from a cationic element (when compared to its neutral counterpart)? Why?
It is harder to remove an electron from a cationic element than its neutral counterpart because the cation has a higher Zeff (less shielding) than the neutral element. The outermost electron of the cation is held more tightly by the nucleus than the outermost electron of the neutral species, making the outermost electron of the cation harder to remove.
500
What is the bond order of F2^(2-)? Is it thermodynamically stable or unstable? Is it paramagnetic or diamagnetic?
Bond order is 0. It is thermodynamically unstable. It is diamagnetic.
500
What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion? How do they work together to form a meniscus?
Water molecules hydrogen bond with the surface of the glass (adhesion). Cohesion is when other water molecules hydrogen bound to the adhering molecules are "dragged along for the ride."
500
Assume you have 1.39 mol of H2 and 3.44 mol of N2. How many grams of NH3 can you make, and how many grams of which reagent will be left over? Which is the limiting reagent. (H2 + N2 --> NH3)
15.8 g NH3 83.5 g N2 left H2 is limiting reagent
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