Sugars
Lipids/Nucleotides
Thermodynamics
Reaction Mechanisms
Glycolysis Pathway
100
This sugar is named:
What is Fructose.
100
Naming scheme for fatty acids.
What is "number of carbons : number unsaturated bonds, delta (carbons with unsaturated bonds)"
100
Which hydrolysis reaction is the most favorable in this table?
What is 1,3-bis-phosphoglycerate?
100
As a general rule for reaction mechanisms, electrons tend to flow from where to where?
From high concentration to low concentration (ie from a nucleophile to a positively charged electrophile)
100
The enzyme hexokinase catalyzes what reaction?
What is the phosphorylation of glucose via ATP.
200
The following describes what process?
What is mutarotation.
200
Primary intermolecular force that drives Watson/Crick base pairing.
What is H-bonding?
200
An example of a reaction that is not likely to be spontaneous under standard conditions.
ADP + Pi --> ATP (Or any other reaction with a high positive standard free energy change)
200
What is the role of NADH in the following reaction:
What is a reducing agent/hydride source
200
The name of the enzyme that forms 2-phosphoglycerate from 3-phosphoglycerate
What is phosphoglycerate mutase?
300
What functional group is being formed?
What is a hemiacetal
300
Melting point of fats are determined by...
Saturation of chains and how large they are.
(more unsaturated? lower melting point)
300
The chemical driving force in the following reaction:
What is the cleavage of phosphoannhydride bond
300
List at least three nucleophiles and one electrophile that we have seen so far...
What is (nucleophiles) hydroxyl, amine, phosphate, and hydride; (electrophile) carbonyl group, phosphoanhydride(?)
300
The most oxidized compound in glycolysis:
What is Pyruvate?
400
Name of the following linkage between the two sugars:
Alpha (1->4) glycosidic linkage
400
The nucleophiles and electrophiles on a nucleotide.
Electrophile: 5' Phosphate
Nucleophile: 3' hydroxyl
400
How would you find the actual free energy change of a chemical reaction given actual concentrations, temperature, etc.
What is:
400
What is the name of the reaction that occurs after Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is released from aldolase, in order for Dihydroxyacetone phosphate to leave the active site...
What is hydrolysis?
400
Why is the following step necessary in glycolysis?
Phosphoglucose isomerase
What is fructose can be more evenly split into two three carbon pieces, instead of glucose?
500
Name of a product of a nucleophilic attack of a lysine's nitrogen onto a aldehyde of a sugar:
What is a Schiff base
500
A possible inhibitor of DNA synthesis?
DI-deoxynucleotides
500
How would you find the free energy change of the following given the table below?
Balance chemical equations and add standard free energy changes of the reactions.
500
Considering G-3-p list the leaving groups in the following reaction mechanism (for glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase):
What is Hydride and cysteine
500
The following compound accumulates if what enzyme in glycolysis is defunct?
Fructo-1,6-bisphosphate
What is aldolase?