Vocabulary
Results when the forward and reverse reactions proceed at the same rate
chemical equilibrium
What is equilibrium position?
The concentrations of the substances at equilibrium
depends on conditions at equilibrium
What 2 things are "proton" synonymous for?
H+ and H3O+
Can buffers be used up?
yes. if a lot of acid/base is added
Does equilibrium refer to balanced changes or balances forces?
balanced changes
What makes up a conjugate acid?
base + the proton
What is the only stresser that causes a change in the equilibrium constant?
Temperature
Which model states “Acids are any substance that can accept a pair of electrons.” & “Bases are any substance that can donate a pair of electrons.”
Lewis Model
What is a net ionic reaction?
only highlights the chemical species directly involved in the formation of water, removing spectator ions
What do acids do to litmus paper?
What do bases do to litmus paper?
acid - blue to red
base - red to blue
What does Kw equal?
1.0 x 10^-14
Which reaction predominates when Keq < 1
The reverse reaction
high concentration of reactants to products
Which model states "Acids are a substance that donates a proton.” & “Bases are a substance that accepts a proton.”
Bronsted-Lowry
Is self-ionization or neutralization favorable? why?
neutralization. stable products (not ions)
What are the 2 disadvantages of the Arrhenius model?
has to be in aqueous solution
What is a buffer?
solutions that can resist changes in pH
According to Le Chatelier, what are the 4 stressors?
Concentration, Catalyst, pressure, Temperature
Which model states "Acids ionize to release hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution.” & “Bases dissociate to release OH- ions in aqueous solution.”
Arrhenius Model
What is a titration?
A controlled neutralization reaction used to measure the volume of a solution of a known concentration that reacts with a precisely measured volume of a solution of an unknown concentration.
What type of equilibrium do reversible chemical equations use?
Dynamic
What is the Haber Process?
A process that favors the forward reaction at high temperatures and continuously removes the product as they form, leaving only the forward reaction to occur
"In reality, the forward and reverse reactions continue, but the concentration of each reactant and product remains _____________, not ____________.
constant, not equal
describe 2 reasons why water is the most used solvent?
Both an acid and a base
self ionization
Do buffers keep the pH neutral?
No, constant
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
List the 6 strong acids you were supposed to memorize :)
HClO4, HI, HBr, HCl, H2SO4, HNO3