Science rules
The degree in which a reaction is spontaneous or non spontaneous
Free Energy
To be attached to the surface exterior
Adsorbed
Heat absorbed or released
Enthalpy
Means penetration to the interior interior ( Wink)
Absorbed
The degree of disorder of reactants and products
Quantity of titrant required for complete precipitation of analyte to determine how much analyte was present
Precipitation Titrations
The positively charged particle and the negatively charged ionic atmosphere together
Electric Double layer
Equilibrium constant for the reaction in which a solid salt dissolves to gives its constituent ions in solution
Solubility product
A solution containing excess, undissolved solid is said to be _____
Saturated
A salt will be less soluble if one of its constituent ions is already present in the solution
The common Ion effect
A sample burned in excess oxygen and products are measured
Combustion analysis
Absorbed and occluded impurities are said to be coprecipitated. The impurity is precipitated along with the desired product, even though the solubility of the impurity has not exceeded.
Corecipitated
A substance who’s solubility is not exceeded precipitates along with another substance whose solubility is exceeded
Co-precipitation
If an anion precipitates a metal, often high concentration of the anion causes the precipitate to redissolve. The increased solubility arises from formation of ______
Complex ions
Molecules or ions condense onto the nucleus to form a larger crystal
Particle growth
One that picks up water form the air and is therefore difficult to weigh accurately
Hygroscopic substance
The use of mass of a product to calculate the quantity of an analyte
Gravimetric Analysis
Related to each other bu the gain or loss of one H+
Conjugate acids and bases
When compounds undergo self-ionization. All protic solvents undergo this
Autoprotolysis
Solutes reorganize into an ordered structure capable of growing into larger particles. Nucleation can occur on suspended impurity particles or scratches on a glass surface
Nucleation
Determining C and H in organic compounds burned in excess 02
Combustion analysis
Something that provides a foundation not only for many chemical analysis but also for other subjects such as biochemistry, geology, and Oceanography
Chemical Equilibrium
A buffer is a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. ____ work by reacting with any added acid or base to reduce changes in PH
Buffer
Compounds that can donate or accept more than one proton
Polypeptide acids and bases