Chapter 6
What is electronegativity?
The strength with which an element attracts electrons
How many valence electrons does nitrogen have?
5
What type of bond is a single bond?
Sigma
What is stronger between intermolecular and intramolecular attractions?
Intramolecular
What is the abbreviation for milliliters? (check capitalization!)
mL
What type of element is oxygen?
Nonmetal
What are valence electrons?
Electrons that reside in the outermost orbital of an atom and participate in chemistry
What is covalent bonding?
The attraction of two nuclei due to the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons
What is VSEPR Theory?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory states that electron pairs will repel each other and dictate what 3D shape a molecule conforms to.
N, O, F
What type of element is chromium?
Metal
What is the octet rule?
According to the octet rule, atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable configuration with eight valence electrons. (Like a noble gas)
What is the hybridization of an atom that has formed 4 single bonds? Example (Methane - CH4)
What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonding?
Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs. Ionic bonding involves the total loss or gain of electrons which results in oppositely charged ions.
What is the Aufbau Principle?
A rule that shows electrons fill orbitals in a way that rises from the least energetic to the most energetic orbitals
Rank these elements in order of increasing electronegativity: As, Sb, N, P
What is ionic bonding?
Ionic bonding is the attractive forces between oppositely charged ions that result from the complete gain or loss of electrons
What is the difference between a sigma bond and a pi bond?
A sigma bond has orbitals that overlap in line with the atoms that are bonded. A pi bond has orbitals that are not in line with the atoms that are bonded.
What is ionization energy?
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
What is hybridization?
During covalent bonding, s and p orbitals may "blend" together to form a new type of "hybrid" orbital known as sp.
Rank these elements in order of increasing size: O , C , F , Li
F, O, C, Li
What is metallic bonding?
Metallic bonding occurs when electrons are delocalized and free to move among a network of positively charged metal ions like a "sea".
What is a dipole attraction?
A dipole attraction is the result of an unequal sharing of electrons in a molecule, creating a partial positive and partial negative charge. These regions can attract oppositely charged dipoles.
A rule that states every sublevel in an orbital must be filled with one electron before electrons may double up
What is Pauli's Exclusion Principle?
A rule that states electrons that are doubled in a sublevel must have opposite spins (1 up, 1 down)