Week 1
The four types of intermolecular forces from weakest to strongest.
London Dispersion (Induced Dipole), Dipole-Dipole, Hydrogen-Bonding, Ion-Dipole
The four types of solids.
What are Ionic, Metallic, Covalent Network, and Molecular solids?
When the rate of dissolution is equal to the rate of deposition of a solid in solution, equilibrium is occurring and the liquid is ________.
What is saturated.
Definition of kinetics.
What is the average rate of reaction of compound A if its concentration is 0.45M at 10 min and 0.37M at 30 min?
8.0 x 10^(-3) M/min
Viscosity and what affects it
What are the resistance of a liquid to flow and the intermolecular forces and temperature.
The formula for calculating heat.
q = (m) x (c) x (change in T)
As temperature increases, the solubility of solids ________ and the solubility of gases ________.
Increases, Decreases
The four factors that influence reaction rate
What are nature of the reactants, temperature, concentration, and catalysts?
For aA + bB -> cC + dD, write the 'formula' for the average rate of reaction of each of these compounds.
Rate = -(1/a or b)(change in A or B/change in t) = (1/c or d)(change in C or D/change in t)
The six phase changes
Fusion (S to L), Vaporization (L to G), Sublimation (S to G), Freezing (L to S), Condensation (G to L), Deposition (G to S)
The triple point of a phase diagram.
What is the point where solid, liquid, and gas exist simultaneously?
Definition and one difference between Molarity and Molality.
moles solute per Liters of solution
vs. moles solute per kg solvent
Molarity is temperature dependent, Molality is temperature independent.
Definition of catalyst
What are substances which affect the speed of a reaction without being consumed?
If the average rate of reaction from 10 to 20 minutes is -4M/min of B, what is the final concentration of B if the initial concentration is 200M?
160M
Increasing temperature _______ vapor pressure.
Decreasing pressure _______ boiling point.
Definition of heat of fusion and heat of vaporization.
Increases, Decreases
Energy needed to melt, vaporize one mole of substance.
Definition of miscible.
Two liquids that are soluble in one another and appear homogenous.
The four colligative properties.
Vapor Pressure, Boiling Point, Melting Point, and Osmotic Pressure
The general formula for rate
What is change in concentration divided by change in time?
If 0.5A+2B -> 3C, what is the average rate of consumption of B from 30 to 40 minutes if the average rate of production of C is 0.5M/min?
0.33M/min
Molecular - Individual ("discrete") molecules held together by any of the four intermolecular forces (water, carbon dioxide)
Covalent Network - One branching mass (Diamond)
For a solute to dissolve in a solvent, the __________ has to overcome the __________, or the difference must be small enough to be overcome by _________.
attractions between solute-solvent
attractions between solute-solute and solute-solvent
enthalpy
Formula for depression in melting point or elevation in freezing point
(change in point) = (Kf or Km) x (molality) x (i)
The three "types" of rates
Write a balanced equation for the reaction of N2O5 gas to create NO2 and O2 gas. How much faster is nitrogen dioxide formed than oxygen in this reaction, and what is the rate of the formation of NO2 if the rate of disappearance of N2O5 is 0.10 mol/Lmin?
N2O5 (g) -> 2NO2(g) + 1/2 O2 (g)
NO2 is created 4 times faster than O2
0.20 mol/Lmin