The Periodic Table
Has the electron configuration:
2-8-3
Al- aluminum
Francium is our big, big loser. Francium is known as this type of ion.
what is a cation?
t looks like a +, losing electrons become positive ions.
Which of the following is a covalent compound?
KMnO4
Fe
SF6
Xe
SF6- two nonmetals bonded together
What classifies a compound as organic?
must contain carbon AND hydrogen
Define electronegativity.
the ability to attract or hold on to electrons.
Often confused with the initials of Mr. G and Ms. N what are these elements.
Ag- Silver
Sn- Tin
Does tungsten loose or gain electrons? How many?
Daily Double!
How many electrons are shared between carbon and nitrogen in hydrogen cyanide (HCN).
(hint: draw a lewis dot)
Identify the functional group in the following molecule:
CH₃COOH
ethanoic acid- carboxylic acid or organic acid
Calculate the polarity between carbon and chlorine.
3.2-2.6= 0.6- polar bond
Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine are classified as this type of element.
What is a halogen?
When an element becomes an ion, what happens to its atomic radius?
the radius decreases to look like a noble gas.
Draw the lewis structure of Ammonia (NH₃)
like this:
What would cause a molecule to smell fishy?
an amine group (N)
How can we determine molecular polarity?
based on the symmetry/ distribution of charge.
uneven- polar molecule
even- nonpolar molecule
What is the oxidation state(s) of the following elements?
Cobalt
Co- +2, +3
What is the chemical formula and charge of the sulfate ion?
polyatomic ion: SO42-
-2 charge
Write the correct name for the following covalent compound:
N₂O₄
N₂O₄- dinitrogen tetroxide
Which of the following functional groups would not be able to form hydrogen bonding forces?
Alcohols, Organic acids, Ethers, Amines
Ethers: the hydrogens on ethers are not directly bonded to F, O, or N
Explain the direction of the dipole moment in HCl.
towards chlorine. Chlorine's electronegativity is muc higher.
What is the trend of atomic radii? (left-right) (top-down)
Left to right- atomic radius decreases
Top down- atomic radius increases
Daily Double!
Explain why a lightbulb lights in salt water but not sugar water.
Draw the structural formulas of two isomers of C₄H₁₀
like this:
What is the carbon-to-hydrogen ratio equation for alkenes?
CnH2n
Alkenes have a double bond for every 1 carbon there are 2 hydrogens
i.e.: butene- C4H8
Rank the following substances from weakest to strongest intermolecular forces
a. Methane (CH₄)
b. Water (H₂O)
c. Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
weakest: Methane (CH₄) is nonpolar
mid: Hydrogen chloride (HCl), dipole/ dipole
strongest: Water (H₂O), hydrogen bonding force