Solutions & Suspensions
Properties of Water
Acids & Bases
Macromolecule Structure
Macromolecule Functions
100
Is orange juice with pulp an example of a solution or suspension?
Suspension
100
What property of water explains why water forms a thin skin on its surface, making it resistant to forces?
Surface Tension
100
What is the pH of a neutral substance?
7
100
What monomer is this? (or you can say, "one building block of ______________________")
Nucleotide
Building block of nucleic acids
100
Which macromolecule functions to store genetic information?
Nucleic Acids (DNA)
200
A mixture in which one substance is completely dissolved in another is called a...
Solution
200
What type of bonds connect hydrogens and oxygen in water?
Polar bonds hold oxygen and hydrogens together
200
The pH of your stomach is typically around what number?
around 2
I will accept 1, 2, or 3
200
Which macromolecule is least likely to dissolve in water?
lipids because they are mostly non-polar
200
What macromolecule is used for short-term energy, and what macromolecule is used for long-term energy?
Carbohydrates -- short term energy
Lipids -- long term energy
300
Solutions, Suspension, Solutes, and Solvents:
If coffee grounds are fully dissolved in hot water, then the coffee grounds are the ______________ and the water is the _______________.
If coffee grounds are fully dissolved in water, then the coffee grounds are the solute and the water is the solvent.
300
The meniscus of water in a test tube forms because of what property of water?
Adhesion -- the ability of water to stick (or be attracted to) to other polar or charged molecules, like water to the glass of a test tube
300
The pH of a coffee is 4.9.
Is coffee acidic, basic, or neutral?
Acidic
pH below 7 is acidic
pH of 7 is neutral
pH above 7 is basic
300
Why are some amino acids called the essential amino acids?
Because our body does not produce them, so it is essential that we eat them (get them from our diet).
300
What is the function of enzymes? What macromolecule are enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living things.
400
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True or False:
Solutions and suspensions are both types of mixtures.
...AND why?
TRUE
Because all the substances in solutions and suspensions retain their original properties.
400
Define capillary action and give one example.
Capillary action is the ability of water to travel through small spaces, against gravity, due to cohesion and adhesion.
Examples include blood traveling through blood vessels, water traveling up celery, water traveling up the roots of plants, etc.
400
Which of the following substances could be used to neutralize a cup of bleach (pH 12.1)?
- grapefruit juice (pH 2.9)
- distilled water (pH 7.0)
- Poland Springs water (pH 7.2)
- Ammonia (pH 11.8)
Grapefruit Juice
bleach is a base, so grapefruit juice (an acid) will neutralize it
400
Look at the following macromolecule.
What is the monomer? What is the overall macromolecule?
Monomer -- fatty acid
Macromolecule -- Lipid
400
What is the name of the reaction that breaks down polymers into monomers?
What is the name of the reaction that connects monomers to build polymers?
Both need to be correct to receive the points
Hydrolysis breaks polymers down into monomers
Dehydration connect monomers to build polymers
500
A bottle of salad dressing on the counter eventually separates into layers of oil, vinegar, water, and spices.
- Is this an example of a solution or suspension?
- Why do the layers separate?
Suspension
The layers separate because the layers have different polarity-- specifically water is polar and oil is non polar
500
Draw two water molecules, label the partial charges, and draw a dotted line showing the hydrogen bonding between them.
500
1. What is the function of buffers?
2. Which of the following substances is a buffer?
- Coca Cola (pH 2.5)
- Smart Water (pH 9.5)
- 2% Milk (pH 6.7)
- Distilled Water (pH 7.0)
Buffers prevent/resist sudden, sharp changes in pH
2% Milk is the buffer
500
What macromolecule has 4 levels of structural organization? How is this relevant to functions? (must get both parts correct to get points)
Proteins
These 4 levels of organization are important because the specific shape determines what specific function the protein has.
500
What are 3 examples of functions that proteins do in the body? (I taught you at least 6)
Hair, skin, and nails
Build and repair muscle and tissues
Movement
Chemical Messengers (neurotransmitters)
Transportation of substances out of cells
Immune System (antibodies)
Enzymes- proteins that speed up chemical reactions