Atoms and Bonding
Acids/Bases, Water, and Chemical Reactions
Macromolecule Structure
Macromolecule Functions
Enzymes
100
What subatomic particle(s) is/are found outside of the nucleus?
electrons (protons and neutrons are inside the nucleus)
100
Solutions, Suspension, Solutes, and Solvents:
If coffee grounds are fully dissolved in water, then the coffee grounds are the ______________ and the water is the _______________.
If coffee grounds are fully dissolved in water, then the coffee grounds are the solute and the water is the solvent.
100
What is the monomer shown below?
Nucleotide
100
What macromolecule is used for short-term energy, and what macromolecule is used for long-term energy?
Carbohydrates -- short term energy
Lipids -- long term energy
100
What enzyme is responsible for breaking down the disaccharide sugar found in milk?
lactase
200
What type of bond forms between two nonmetal atoms?
a covalent bond
200
The pH of your stomach is typically around what number?
around 2
200
Which macromolecule is least likely to dissolve in water and why?
lipids because they are mostly non-polar
200
What polymer is responsible for forming rigid cell walls in plants, like celery?
Cellulose
200
The part of an enzyme where the substrate binds is called the: __________________
Active Site
300
How many neutrons are in one atom of iodine?
74
300
In this reaction, how many hydrogen atoms are present on the products side?
6 hydrogen atoms
300
Out of the 6 most common elements in living things, which elements would be found in proteins?
sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen
300
Why are some amino acids called the essential amino acids?
Because our body does not produce them, so it is essential that we get them from our diet.
300
In the image shown, label the:
- enzyme
- substrate(s)
- active site
- enzyme-substrate complex
- product(s)
400
Draw the Bohr model of chlorine.
400
What are two examples of capillary action?
Blood traveling through blood vessels.
Water traveling up the roots of plants.
Water traveling up the stalk of celery.
400
Draw the structure of a triglyceride, labelling the glycerol and fatty acids.
400
What is the name of the reaction that breaks down polymers into monomers?
What is the name of the reaction that connects monomers to build polymers?
Both need to be correct to receive the points
Hydrolysis breaks polymers down into monomers
Dehydration or Condensation connect monomers to build polymers
400
How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions in living things?
By lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur.
500
Draw the Lewis dot structures representing the bond of CO2
non polar covalent bond -- draw below as needed
500
Explain the properties of water:
- cohesion
- adhesion
- high specific heat
Cohesion -- the ability of water to stick (or be attracted to) to other water molecules, like raindrops forming bigger drops when meeting up
Adhesion -- the ability of water to stick (or be attracted to) to other polar or charged molecules, like raindrops on a windshield
Specific Heat -- the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of water -- water has a high specific heat, making it resistant to changes in temperature
500
What macromolecule has 4 levels of structural organization? How is this relevant to functions?
Proteins
These 4 levels of organization are important because the specific shape determines what specific function the protein has.
500
What are 3 examples of functions that proteins do in the body? (I taught you at least 6)
Hair, skin, and nails
Build and repair muscle and tissues
Movement
Chemical Messengers (neurotransmitters)
Transportation of substances out of cells
Immune System (antibodies)
Enzymes- proteins that speed up chemical reactions
500
What is the optimum pH for the enzyme trypsin? 
8