alcohols
name 2 oxidising agents and give their formula
1. potassium dichromate: K2CrO7
2. Potassium Permanganate: KMnO4
what is the hydrolysis reaction?
ester + H2O --> carboxylic acid + alcohol
what is the ester functional group? where does it occur? what is the suffix?
C=O
and C-O
occurs in the middle of chains
suffix: anoate
draw 3-methylcyclohexanamine (C7H13NH2)
hexagon (cyclic) with hydrogens attached, and a NH2 branch
what is density?
mass / volume
what can a primary alcohol oxidise into?
to an aldehyde then to a carboxylic acid
draw ethandioic acid (oxalic acid)
C2H2O4 arranged correctly
draw potassium butanoate
C4H7KO2 formula drawn correctly
what does IUPAC stand for?
international union of pure and applied chemistry
MnO4 changes from.... in alcohols
purple to colourless, except in tertiary alcohols
give an example (equations) of a secondary alcohol being oxidised.
eg. propan-1-ol to propanoic acid
C3H7OH to C2H5COOH
needs balancing and the reduction equation
write balanced half equations for the oxidation of ethanal to ethanoic acid.
set 25 4c check stawa
ethanoic acid + ethanol reaction? draw the reaction
ethyl ethanoate and water is produced
C2H4O + C2H5OH --> CH3-C(=O)-CH2CH3 +H2O
draw 2 isomers of C4H8
reactants required to form pentanal?
pentan-1-ol and acidified Cr2O72- in limited quantities
write the equations for ethanol reacting with propanoic acid.
C3H6O2 (propanoic acid) + 2 C2H6O (ethanol)
(with acid conditions)
--> ethyl propanoate + H2O
how is methanoic acid produced? write an equation.
methanol with acidified potassium dichromate solution.
3CH3OH + 2Cr2O72- + 16H+ --> HCOOH + 4Cr3+ +11H2O
what is esterification? give an example (that hasn't been stated)
eg. propanoic acid + ethanol = ethyl propanoate + water
eg. ethanoic acid + methanol = methyl ethanoate + water
what is the last step of empirical formula calculations?
(2 components to the answer)
divide by smallest which gets a whole number ratio or multiply by a common factor to get whole numbers.
what is wrong with 2-ethylprop-1-ene
longest chain is butane not propene
write the names of the reactants required to produce cyclopentanol and write a balanced equation for this reaction. (can use condensed/line formulas)
cyclopentene and water needed.
pentagon with double bond + water = pentagon with OH group attached
draw 3-methylbutanoic acid
page 199 stawa
does butyl acetate have a higher boiling point than methyl acetate?
acetate = ethanoate
octyl acetate produces what smell?
a citrus smell ie. oranges
what is methanal otherwise known as?
formaldehyde