General Chemistry
What is the strongest type of intermolecular interaction?
Hydrogen bond
Is cyclopentane or cyclobutane more stable and why?
Cyclobutane is more stable because there is less angle strain.
Polymers are synonymous with what kind of everyday material?
Plastics
Where can chemists be found working? Name two places.
Laboratory, industry, collecting samples [outdoors], crime site, etc.
True or false: Inorganic chemistry exempts the study of all carbon materials.
False: diamond, graphite, nanotubes.
What is the trend for increasing electronegativity on the periodic table (directionally)?
Upwards toward the right
With what reagent is the Haufmann product major?
Peroxides
What does SPME stand for in analytical chemistry?
solid phase microextraction
Inorganic chemistry
The arrangement of atoms within a unit cell describes the ___.
Crystal structure (ex: FCC BCC SCC)
What are isotopes and name an application.
Isotopes are the same chemicals with different neutrons. Applications: Carbon dating, differentiating products by mass, reading emitted radiation from unstable isotopes as they undergo spontaneous decay.
What is the difference of between reacting NBS and Br2 in light with ethAne?
None; there are no double bonds on ethane so no allylic radical substitution.
What is the only qualitative gas chromatography detector?
Mass spectrometer
Name 2 [interesting] job opportunities for chemists.
agrochemistry, astrochemistry, forensics, geochemistry, medicinal, petrochemistry, phytochemistry, polymer chemistry, nuclear chemistry, radiochemistry, thermochemistry, quantum chemistry, spectroscopy, etc.
Name 2 types of crystal systems.
Cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic, triclinic, hexagonal, trigonal, rhombohedral
Ammonium is a good example of what in an acid-base reaction? [be specific]
BRONSTED LOWRY Acid
What are the reagents for a dihydroxylation and specify if it is anti or syn.
MCPBA H3O ANTI
KMnO4 NAOH H2O COLD SYN
What was the first synthetic element?
Technitiumin in 1937 was produced by nuclear fusion.
The fire triangle which illustrates the necessary ingredients for most fires is made up of __ __ __
Fuel, heat, oxygen [oxidizing agent]
Name a technique that is used to determine crystal structure.
Single crystal x-ray diffraction; Power x-ray diffraction (bulk crystalline, microcrystalline samples)
What type of combustion makes a running car in a closed environment dangerous and what is produced?
Incomplete combustion; carbon monoxide
What are the product(s) of ozonolysis from a terminal alkyne and how does this affect the atmosphere?
Produces carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide. It depletes ozone from the atmosphere which reduces the barrier between the earth and ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Also creates greenhouse gas.
When is the flame ionization detector useful?
When quantitatively analyzing organic compounds.
PPE serves as the ___ line of defense. [Final or first?]
Final
The distance between the planes of atoms in a structure is due to this angle by the projected wavelength.
Critical angle.