Basic Chemistry
All matter is made of__
Atoms (or elements)
Define the conservation of matter.
Matter can not be created or destroyed as shown in the copper cycle.
Most of the mass of an atom is found __
protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Flame tests tell you which __ is in a compound?
What is conductivity?
How well energy flows through a substance
Give one example for each; extensive and intensive properties
Extensive: volume, mass, size
Intensive: density, boiling point, melting point
Most elements on the periodic are:
metals (also solids or non radioactive)
Isotopes differ in their number of_
neutrons
What are the labels of the subshells?
s, p, d, f
Name an important property of ionic compounds
dissolves, conducts electricity when dissolved
What do the following represent?
(s)
(l)
(g)
(aq)
solid, liquid, gas, aqueous
Group one is also called the __metals
Alkali
Nuclear reactions happen in the _ of the atoms
nucleus
How are anions and cations different?
anions are negative (have gained electrons), cations are positive (have lost electrons)
Name 4 types of bonds
Ionic, metallic, molecular covalent, network covalent
Why do hydrogen and oxygen have different properties than H2O?
When atoms combine chemically, they form new substances with new properties.
The main group elements are found in groups_
1, 2, 3a-8a
What is the difference between fission and fusion?
fission - splitting nucleuses
Fusion - combining nucleuses
What is the rule of zero charge?
The positive and negative charges in an ionic compound must combine to equal 0
Describe the bonds in ionic and metallic substances.
ionic: electrons are transferred (given or taken) between atoms.
Metallic: electrons flow freely in the substance
The first model of an atom was called the __
Plum pudding model
An atom's atomic number tells you what about the atom?
# of protons (and # of electrons in a neutral atom)
What is the difference between alpha and beta decay?
Alpha: release a He atom and energy
Beta: neutron breaks into proton and electron, release an electron
Potassium (group 1a) and Selenium (group 6a) combine in what ratio?
2:1
Describe the bonds in covalent molecular and covalent network substances
covalent molecular: bonds are strong within molecules only
covalent network: bonds are strong between all the atoms in the substance