Elements/Compounds
What can be found on the periodic table?
Elements
What is a mixture?
Combo of pure substances.
Methods for separating mixtures.
(get 3/5 for 100, double points for all 5)
Filtration, distillation, crystallization, chromatography, and sublimation.
Solid V. Liquid V. Gas
Solids: Set shape/volume, particles move very little.
Liquid: Set volume, indefinite shape, particles flow.
Gas: Indefinite volume/shape, particles move really fast.
3 Basic subatomic particles of an atom?
Proton, neutron, and electron
Can an element be broken down?
No
Homogeneous mixtures are...
Heterogeneous mixtures have visible...
The same all the way through
Parts
Tyndall effect
Light scatters to distinguish between colloids and solution.
Chemical V. Physical Properties
Chem: Can only be seen when the substance's chemical makeup is changes.
Physical: Can be observed without a change.
What is relative abundance?
The % of each isotope that is in any given sample of an element.
What is an element?
What is its smallest particle?
Pure substance
Atoms
Examples of homogeneous mixtures:
Examples of heterogeneous mixtures:
Homogeneous: Coffee or air
Heterogeneous: Vegetable soup or pulpy orange juice
What's the difference between colloids and solutions. (Hint: Tyndall effect)
Colloids- Light will scatter because of the particles.
Solutions- Light goes straight through because the particles dissolved.
Whats the difference between a gas and a vapor?
A gas is in its gaseous state at room temp.
A vapor is the gaseous form of what's normally a solid/liquid at room temp.
Proton V. Neutron V. Electron
Charge?
Location?
Mass (AMU)?
Proton: Charge- positive (+1), Location- nucleus, Mass- 1
Neutron: Charge- neutral (0), Location- nucleus, Mass- 1
Electron: Charge- negative (-1), Location- area around nucleus, Mass- insignificant
What is a compound?
What is its smallest particle?
Elements that are chemically bound.
Molecule
Another name for homogeneous mixtures
Solutions
Suspension V. Colloids V. Emulsion
Suspension: Particles settle, large particles, can be filtered, muddy water.
Colloid: Particles won't settle, small particles, will scatter light, marshmallow.
Emulsion: Immiscible (particles cant mix), will separate, soapy water, water with oil.
Are compounds separated physically or chemically?
What about mixtures?
Compounds- chemically
Mixtures- physically
What is Atomic #? What does it identify?
What is the Mass#? How do you find it?
The Atomic # is the number of protons in an atom that identifies which element it is. (hydrogen-1)
The atomic mass is the # of particles in the nucleus. (Protons+Neutrons)
Different versions of the same element, with different atomic mass and #of neutrons)
Do substances in mixtures lose or keep their properties?
Keep
What is
1. Distillation
2. Filtration
3. Crystallization
5. Sublimation
5. Chromatography.
1. Separate mixtures by boiling out one part.
2. Using small holes to separate small particles from larger ones or solids from liquids.
3. Seperating things that can crystalize from things that can't by making crystals.
4. When solids turn straight to a gas and skip the liquid stage.
5. Seperate parts by how they travel across different surfaces.
What are intensive and extensive properties?
Intensive: INDEPENDENT of (unaffected by) amount (color)
Extensive: Depends on (affected by) amount. (size/weight)
What is the atomic mass?
How do you find it?
The weighted average of the mass of each isotope in an element. Mass found on the periodic table.
(Mass)*(Abundance)+(Mass)*(Abundance)