Properties
What is the term for the temperature at which a liquid element begins to boil?
Boiling Point
What is combustion? Give an example.
Combustion is a chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor. Example: Burning wood.
How can you identify the number of protons in an element?
The number of protons is indicated by the atomic number of the element.
What is the IUPAC name for H2O?
Describe the difference between a pure substance and a mechanical mixture.
A pure substance contains only one substance or compound, while a mechanical mixture consists of two or more substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated.
Describe a sign that indicates a chemical reaction has occurred.
Signs of a chemical reaction include color change, gas production, temperature change, or the formation of a precipitate.
What is the significance of an element's position in the periodic table?
The position of an element in the periodic table relates to its atomic structure and properties; elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
What is the common name of NaCl
Salt
What property measures how well a material conducts electricity?
Conductivity
What are exothermic and endothermic reactions? Provide an example of each.
Exothermic reactions release heat (example: combustion of fuels); Endothermic reactions absorb heat (example: photosynthesis).
What type of compound is formed by transferring electrons between metals and non-metals?
Ionic compound
What is the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide?
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Give an example of a metal and a nonmetal and describe one property of each.
Example of a metal: Copper (conducts electricity); Example of a nonmetal: Sulfur (does not conduct electricity).
What factors can affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
Factors affecting the rate of a chemical reaction include temperature, concentration, surface area, and the presence of catalysts.
How does the structure of an atom relate to its placement in the periodic table?
Elements with similar electron configurations are grouped together.
If Iron (III) (+3 valence) combines with Oxygen (-2 valence), what is the resulting product?
Fe2O3
What is the process called when a solid changes directly into a gas without becoming a liquid first?
Sublimation
What is the term for a reaction that breaks down a compound into simpler substances?
Decomposition Reaction
What type of compound is created by two non-metals sharing electrons?
Molecular Compounds
Describe how to represent a chemical reaction using chemical formulas.
A chemical reaction can be represented by writing the reactants on the left and the products on the right, using an arrow to indicate the direction of the reaction (e.g., C+O2 -> CO2).