Intermolecular Forces
This is the reason why larger molecules may not readily dissolve in water even with stronger intermolecular forces.
What is the energy required to form a larger cavity in water?
The movement of a pesticide from soil into groundwater can be influenced by this partitioning coefficient.
What is the soil-water partitioning coefficient (Kd)?
This naturally occurring aquatic component, when elevated, can reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of certain organic pollutants to aquatic organisms by forming non-covalent interactions.
What is dissolved organic carbon (DOC)?
This is the effect of aliphatic, olefinic, or aromatic carbon on the fragment coefficient.
What is increasing?
What characteristic of water hinders the dissolution of large non-polar molecules?
What is hydrogen bonding?
This property can predict a compound's potential to be distributed globally due to atmospheric transport.
What is the air-water partitioning coefficient (Kaw)?
This environmental factor affects the likelihood of an organic compound to stay in the hydrosphere as it moves towards the North and South poles.
What is temperature?
This effect of ortho-substitutions in aromatic systems leads to a positive correction factor in a molecule's log Kow estimation.
What is a decrease in hydrogen bonding capability?
This type of intermolecular force is present in all molecules and atoms.
What is dispersion?
This factor dominates the partitioning behaviour of compounds that have limited solubility in both water and octanol.
What is volatility or vapor pressure?
When a pollutant's concentration in an organism exceeds its concentration in the ambient environment due to uptake, it exhibits this behaviour.
What is bioaccumulation?
This feature of aliphatic carbons reduces coefficients due to lessened "costs" for cavity formation.
What is increased branching?
This type of intermolecular interaction is impacted when substituents hinder the interaction of benzene ring pi-bonds with water.
What are dipole-induced dipole interactions?
Despite being nonpolar, certain organic compounds can still be found in significant amounts in the atmosphere due to this physicochemical property.
What is high volatility or low boiling point?
This property of an organic compound increases its susceptibility to experience the salting out effect.
What is hydrophobicity?
This pi-electron property results in smaller fragment coefficients for olefinic and aromatic carbons than aliphatic ones.
What is high polarizability?